智慧树知到《基础化学（Basic Chemistry）》章节测试答案

智慧树知到《基础化学（Basic Chemistry）》章节测试答案
第一章单元测试
1、Solids have a（）shape and are not appreciably（）.
A.sharp， convertible
B.indefinite， compressible
C.indefinite， incompressible
D.definite， incompressible
E.definite， compressible
正确答案：definite， compressible
2、The symbol for the element potassium is（）.
A.S
B.Ca
C.P
D.Pt
E.K
正确答案：K
3、The SI unit for mass is（）.
A.pound
B.kilogram
C.gram
D.troy ounce
正确答案：kilogram
4、The temperature of 25°C is（）in kelvins.
A.166
B.248
C.298
D.103
E.138
正确答案：298
5、The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3.A piece of silver with a mass of 61.3 g would occupy a volume of（）cm3.
A.644
B.5.84
C.10.5
D.0.171
E.0.00155
正确答案：5.84
6、The correct result of the molecular mass calculation for H2SO4 is（）.4 × 15.9994 + 32.066 + 2 × 1.0079
A.98.079
B.98.84
C.98.838
D.98.08
E.98.074
正确答案：98.079
7、There are（）significant figures in the answer to the following computation：（29.2 - 20.0） （1.79 × 105）/1.39
A.3
B.1
C.4
D.5
E.2
正确答案：2
8、Of the following，（）is the smallest mass.
A.25 kg
B.2.5 × 1010 ng
C.2.5 × 109 fg
D.2.5 × 10-2 mg
E.2.5 × 1015 pg
正确答案：2.5 × 109 fg
9、Accuracy refers to（）.
A.how close a measured number is to infinity
B.how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
C.how close a measured number is to the calculated value
D.how close a measured number is to the true value
E.how close a measured number is to zero
正确答案：how close a measured number is to the true value
10、In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant？
A.100.09009
B.0.003002
C.0.14329
D.0.1
E.0.05843
正确答案：100.09009
第二章单元测试
1、A certain mass of carbon reacts with 13.6 g of oxygen to form carbon monoxide.（）grams of oxygen would react with that same mass of carbon to form carbon dioxide， according to the law of multiple proportions？
A.136
B.25.6
C.27.2
D.6.8
E.13.6
正确答案：27.2
2、Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha， beta， and gamma radiation to an electric field？
A.Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction， while beta shows no response
B.Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction， while gamma shows no response
C.Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions， while gamma shows no response
D.Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction， while alpha shows no response
E.Only alpha is deflected， while beta and gamma show no response
正确答案：Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions， while gamma shows no response
3、（）and（）reside in the atomic nucleus.
A.Protons， neutrons
B.none of the above
C.Neutrons， only neutrons
D.Protons， electrons
E.Electrons， neutrons
正确答案：Protons， neutrons
4、Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays？
A.They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them
B.They originate from the negative electrode
C.The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted
D.They are made up of electrons
E.They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields
正确答案：The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted
5、The charge on an electron was determined in the（）.
A.Millikan oil drop experiment
B.cathode ray tube， by J.J.Thompson
C.atomic theory of matter
D.Rutherford gold foil experiment
E.Dalton atomic theory
正确答案：Millikan oil drop experiment
6、In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model，（）.
A.the heavy subatomic particles， protons and neutrons， reside in the nucleus
B.the three principal subatomic particles （protons， neutrons， and electrons） all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
C.mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
D.the three principal subatomic particles （protons， neutrons， and electrons） all have essentially the same mass
E.the light subatomic particles， protons and neutrons， reside in the nucleus
正确答案：the heavy subatomic particles， protons and neutrons， reside in the nucleus
7、All atoms of a given element have the same（）.
A.number of neutrons
B.number of electrons and neutrons
C.mass
D.number of protons
E.density
正确答案：number of protons
8、An atom of the most common isotope of gold， 197Au， has（）protons，（）neutrons， and（）electrons.
A.79， 118， 118
B.79， 118， 79
C.79， 197， 197
D.197， 79， 118
E.118， 79， 39
正确答案：79， 118， 79
9、Which combination of protons， neutrons， and electrons is correct for the isotope copper-63， ？
A.63 p+ ， 29 n°， 63 e−
B.34 p+ ， 29 n°， 34 e−
C.34 p+ ， 34 n°， 29 e−
D.29 p+ ， 34 n°， 29 e−
E.29 p+ ， 29 n°， 63 e−
正确答案：29 p+ ， 34 n°， 29 e−
10、Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of（）but differing number of（）.
A.protons， neutrons
B.neutrons， electrons
C.electrons， protons
D.protons， electrons
E.neutrons， protons
正确答案：protons， neutrons
第三章单元测试
1、（）is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers.
A.Ernest Rutherford
B.Dmitri Mendeleev
C.Henry Moseley
D.Michael Faraday
E.Lothar Meyer
正确答案：Henry Moseley
2、Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing（）.
A.number of isotopes
B.average atomic mass
C.atomic mass
D.oxidation number
E.atomic number
正确答案：atomic number
3、The first ionization energies of the elements（）as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table， and（）as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.
A.decrease， decrease
B.increase， increase
C.are completely unpredictable
D.decrease， increase
E.increase， decrease
正确答案：increase， increase
4、In general， as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right：（1） the atomic radius（）； （2） the electron affinity becomes（）negative； and （3） the first ionization energy（）.
A.increases， increasingly， decreases
B.decreases， increasingly， decreases
C.increases， increasingly， increases
D.decreases， decreasingly， increases
E.decreases， increasingly， increases
正确答案：decreases， increasingly， increases
5、Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals？
A.existence as diatomic molecules
B.very high melting point
C.the lowest first ionization energies in a period
D.the smallest atomic radius in a period
E.formation of dianions
正确答案：the lowest first ionization energies in a period
6、Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form（）.
A.metal hydrides
B.metal hydroxides
C.oxygen gas
D.water and a salt
E.hydrogen gas
正确答案：metal hydroxides
7、An alkaline earth metal forms a compound with oxygen with the formula（）.（The symbol M represents any one of the alkaline earth metals.）
A.M2O2
B.MO2
C.M2O
D.MO
E.MO3
正确答案：MO
8、Which non-metal exists as a diatomic solid？
A.phosphorus
B.boron
C.antimony
D.bromine
E.iodine
正确答案：iodine
9、The only noble gas that does not have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration is（）.
A.All noble gases have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration
B.helium
C.krypton
D.neon
E.radon
正确答案：helium
10、What is the oxidation number of chromium in [Cr（NH3）4Cl2]Cl（）？
A.-2
B.2
C.3
D.0
E.-3
正确答案：3
第四章单元测试
1、There are（）paired and（）unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a phosphorus atom.
A.0， 3
B.2， 4
C.4， 3
D.2， 3
E.4， 2
正确答案：2， 3
2、There are（）unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for an oxygen atom.
A.3
B.0
C.2
D.4
E.1
正确答案：2
3、The electron configuration of the phosphide ion （P3- ） is（）.
A.[Ne]3s23p6
B.[Ne]3s2
C.[Ne]3s23p1
D.[Ne]3s23p3
E.[Ne]3p2
正确答案：[Ne]3s23p6
4、Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form（）.
A.homonuclear diatomic compounds
B.covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
C.ionic compounds
D.compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
E.covalent compounds
正确答案：ionic compounds
5、Determining lattice energy from Born-Haber cycle data requires the use of（）.
A.the octet rule
B.Hess's law
C.Periodic law
D.Coulomb's law
E.Avogadro's number
正确答案：Hess's law
6、How many hydrogen atoms must bond to silicon to give it an octet of valence electrons？
A.4
B.5
C.3
D.1
E.2
正确答案：4
7、In the molecule below， which atom has the largest partial negative charge（）？
A.C
B.Br
C.I
D.F
E.Cl
正确答案：F
8、Electronegativity（）from left to right within a period and（）from top to bottom within a group.
A.increases， stays the same
B.increases， increases
C.stays the same， increases
D.increases， decreases
E.decreases， increases
正确答案：increases， decreases
9、The Lewis structure of AsH3 shows（）nonbonding electron pair（s） on As.
A.1
B.This cannot be determined from the data given.
C.3
D.0
E.2
正确答案：1
10、The formal charge on carbon in the molecule below is（）.
A.1
B.3
C.2
D.0
E.-1
正确答案：0
第五章单元测试
1、The correct name for K2S is（）.
A.potassium bisulfide
B.dipotassium sulfate
C.potassium sulfide
D.potassium disulfide
E.potassium sulfate
正确答案：potassium sulfide
2、The correct name for H2SO3 is（）.
A.sulfurous acid
B.sulfur hydroxide
C.hydrosulfuric acid
D.sulfuric acid
E.hydrosulfic acid
正确答案：sulfurous acid
3、The correct name of the compound Na3N is（）.
A.sodium nitride
B.trisodium nitride
C.sodium trinitride
D.sodium（IX） nitride
E.sodium azide
正确答案：sodium nitride
4、The ions Ca2+ and PO43- form a salt with the formula（）.
A.CaPO4
B.Ca2PO4
C.Ca3（PO4 ）2
D.Ca2（PO4 ）3
E.Ca（PO4）2
正确答案：Ca3（PO4 ）2
5、Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF3 .The M-ion has 18 electrons.Element M is（）.
A.Ar
B.Ca
C.P
D.Cr
E.Sc
正确答案：Sc
6、The conjugate base of HSO4- is
A.HSO4+
B.H2SO4
C.OH-
D.SO42-
E.H3SO4+
正确答案：SO42-
7、What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 °C in which [H+] is 0.00250 M？
A.-2.6
B.2.6
C.2.25
D.-3.4
E.3.4
正确答案：2.6
8、What is the concentration （in M） of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0 °C with pH = 4.282？
A.4.28
B.9.71
C.1.66 × 104
D.5.22 × 10-5
E.1.92 × 10-10
正确答案：5.22 × 10-5
9、What is the pH of a 0.0150 M aqueous solution of barium hydroxide？
A.1.82
B.12.2
C.1.52
D.10.4
E.12.5
正确答案：12.5
第六章单元测试
1、When the following equation is balanced， the coefficients are（）.NH3 （g） + O2 （g） → NO2 （g） + H2O （g）
A.4， 7， 4， 6
B.2， 3， 2， 3
C.4， 3， 4， 3
D.1， 1， 1， 1
E.1， 3， 1， 2
正确答案：4， 7， 4， 6
2、When the following equation is balanced， the coefficient of Al is（）.Al （s） + H2O （l） → Al（OH）3 （s） + H2 （g）
A.3
B.4
C.5
D.2
E.1
正确答案：2
3、When the following equation is balanced， the coefficient of O2 is（）.C2H4O （g） + O2 （g） → CO2 （g） + H2O （g）
A.2
B.1
C.3
D.5
E.4
正确答案：5
4、Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol， CH3CH （l） is burned in air.What is the coefficient of methanol in the balanced equation？
A.3
B.2
C.1
D.4
E.1.5
正确答案：2
5、The balanced equation for the decomposition of sodium azide is（）.
A.2NaN3 （s） → 2Na （s） + 2N2 （g）
B.2NaN3 （s） → 2Na （s） + 3N2 （g）
C.NaN3 （s） → Na （s） + N2 （g） + N （g）
D.2NaN3 （s） → Na2 （s） + 3N2 （g）
E.NaN3 （s） → Na （s） + N2 （g）
正确答案：2NaN3 （s） → 2Na （s） + 3N2 （g）
6、The solubility of manganese （II） hydroxide （Mn（OH）2） is 2.2 × 10-5 M.What is the Ksp of Mn（OH）2？
A.4.8 × 10-10
B.2.2 × 10-5
C.4.3 × 10-14
D.2.1 × 10-14
E.1.1 × 10-14
正确答案：4.3 × 10-14
7、What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 49.4 % K， 20.3 % S， and 30.3 % O by mass？
A.KSO3
B.K2SO3
C.KSO4
D.KSO2
E.K2SO4
正确答案：K2SO3
8、A compound contains 40.0 % C， 6.71 % H， and 53.29 % O by mass.The molecular weight of the compound is 60.05 amu.The molecular formula of this compound is（）.
A.C2H2O4
B.CHO2
C.C2H4O2
D.CH2O
E.C2H3O4
正确答案：C2H4O2
9、Magnesium and nitrogen react in a combination reaction to produce magnesium nitride：3 Mg + N2 → Mg3N2 In a particular experiment， a 9.27 g sample of N2 reacts completely.The mass of Mg consumed is（）g.
A.16.1
B.0.92
C.24.1
D.13.9
E.8.04
正确答案：24.1
10、Which of the following reactions is a redox reaction？ （a） K2CrO4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4 + 2KCl （b） Pb22+ + 2Br- → PbBr （c） Cu + S → CuS
A.（b） and （c）
B.（a） and （c）
C.（a） only
D.（b） only
E.（c） only
正确答案：（c） only
第七章单元测试
1、A gas at a pressure of 10.0 Pa exerts a force of（）N on an area of 5.5 m2.
A.55
B.18
C.0.55
D.1.8
E.5.5
正确答案：55
2、A gas vessel is attached to an open-end manometer containing a non- volatile liquid of density 0.791 g/mL as shown below.The difference in heights of the is 755 mm Hg.Given that the density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL， the pressure of the enclosed gas is（）atm.liquid in the two sides of the manometer is 43.4 cm when the atmospheric pressure
A.0.99
B.0.987
C.0.993
D.1.03
E.0.96
正确答案：0.96
3、A sample of a gas （5.0 mol） at 1.0 atm is expanded at constant temperature from 10 L to 15 L.The final pressure is（）atm.
A.3.3
B.0.67
C.1.5
D.7.5
E.15
正确答案：0.67
4、A sample of H2 gas （12.28 g） occupies 100.0 L at 400.0 K and 2.00 atm.A sample weighing 9.49 g occupies（）L at 353 K and 2.00 atm.
A.147
B.68.2
C.109
D.54.7
E.77.3
正确答案：68.2
5、A 0.325 L flask filled with gas at 0.914 atm and 19 °C contains（）mol of gas.
A.1.48 × 10-2
B.1.24 × 10-2
C.80.7
D.9.42
E.12.4
正确答案：1.24 × 10-2
6、A sample of gas （1.3 mol） occupies（）L at 22 °C and 2.5 atm.
A.13
B.0.079
C.31
D.3.2 × 10-2
E.0.94
正确答案：13
7、A flask contains a mixture of He and Ne at a total pressure of 2.6 atm.There are 2.0 mol of He and 5.0 mol of Ne in the flask.The partial pressure of He is（）atm.
A.0.74
B.1.86
C.6.5
D.1.04
E.9.1
正确答案：0.74
8、The root-mean-square speed of CO at 113 °C is（）m/s.
A.993
B.58.3
C.31.5
D.586
E.317
正确答案：586
9、A sample of N2 gas （2.0 mmol） effused through a pinhole in 5.5 s.It will take（）s for the same amount of CH4 to effuse under the same conditions.
A.9.6
B.5.5
C.7.3
D.3.1
E.4.2
正确答案：4.2
10、Using the van der Waals equation， the pressure in a 22.4 L vessel containing 1.00 mol of neon gas at 100 °C is（）atm.（a = 0.211 L2 atm/mol2 ， b = 0.0171 L/mol）
A.1
B.0.73
C.1.21
D.0.367
E.1.37
正确答案：1.37
第八章单元测试
1、A solution is prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of NH3 in 250 g of water.The density of the resulting solution is 0.974 g/mL.The mole fraction of NH3 in the solution is（）.
A.0.922
B.16.8
C.0.0597
D.0.94
E.0.064
正确答案：0.0597
2、The vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C is 23.8 torr.Determine the vapor pressure （torr） of water at 25 °C above a solution prepared by dissolving 35 g of urea （a non-volatile， non-electrolyte， MW = 60.0 g/mol） in 75 g of water.
A.3.3
B.27
C.0.88
D.21
E.2.9
正确答案：21
3、The freezing point of ethanol （C2H5OH） is -114.6 °C.The molal freezing point depression constant for ethanol is 2.00 °C/m.What is the freezing point （°C） of a solution prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of glycerine （C3H8O3 a nonelectrolyte） in 200 g of ethanol？
A.-5.42
B.-114.6
C.-120
D.-115
E.-132.3
正确答案：-120
4、A solution is prepared by dissolving 6.00 g of an unknown nonelectrolyte in enough water to make 1.00 L of solution.The osmotic pressure of this solution is 0.750 atm at 25.0 °C.What is the molecular weight （g/mol） of the unknown solute？
A.5.12 × 10-3
B.30.6
C.195
D.110
E.16.4
正确答案：195
5、The principal reason for the extremely low solubility of NaCl in benzene （C6H6） is the（）.
A.increased disorder due to mixing of solute and solvent
B.strong solvent-solvent interactions
C.weak solvation of Na+ and Cl- by C6H6
D.hydrogen bonding in C6H6
E.strength of the covalent bond in NaCl
正确答案：weak solvation of Na+ and Cl- by C6H6
6、Pairs of liquids that will mix in all proportions are called（）liquids.
A.unsaturated
B.polar liquids
C.miscible
D.saturated
E.supersaturated
正确答案：miscible
7、The solubility of oxygen gas in water at 25 °C and 1.0 atm pressure of oxygen is 0.041 g/L The solubility of oxygen in water at 3.0 atm and 25 °C is（）g/L.
A.0.014
B.0.041
C.0.31
D.3
E.0.12
正确答案：0.12
8、A sample of potassium chlorate （15.0 g） is dissolved in 201 g of water at 70 °C with precautions taken to avoid evaporation of any water.The solution is cooled to 30.0 °C and no precipitate is observed.This solution is（）.
A.saturated
B.unsaturated
C.miscible
D.hydrated
E.supersaturated
正确答案：unsaturated
9、The concentration of lead nitrate （Pb（NO3 ）2） in a 0.726 M solution is（）molal.The density of the solution is 1.202 g/mL.
A.0.65
B.1.928
C.0.819
D.0.476
E.0.755
正确答案：0.755
10、The concentration of a benzene solution prepared by mixing 12.0 g C6H6 with 38.0 g CCl4 is（）molal.
A.0.622
B.4.04
C.0.24
D.0.508
E.0.316
正确答案：4.04