程序设计基础

201第一台完全可操作的电子计算机名称为ENIAC。The first fully operable electronic computer was named ENIAC

202晶体管的发明代替了电路中又大又慢的真空管，使计算机变小了。The invention of the transistor helped to make computers smaller by replacing the larger, less efficient vacuum tubes in the electronic circuits

203电子邮件使连接因特网的人能够与世界各地因特网的使用者交换信息。E-mail allows someone with access to the Internet to exchange messages with other Internet users around the world

204计算机系统的物理部件称为软件。The physical components of a computer system are referred to as its Software

2051个字节的存储量大小是 16 比特。One byte of memory consists of 16 bits

2061个千字节等于1024字节。One kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes

207硬盘是磁性类型的大容量存储的一个具体例子。The hard drive is an example of magnetic mass storage

208固态存储设备如闪存，插在计算机的USB端口上。Solid-state mass storage like a flash drive is plugged into a computer through a(n) USB port

209软件可以分为两大类：应用软件和系统软件。Software is divided into two broad categories: application software and system software

210高级语言通过解释器或编译器翻译成机器语言。High level languages are translated into machine languages by interpreters or compilers

211解决问题的过程是分析问题，设计适当的程序，编写代码，测试代码，这一过程称为软件开发周期。The process of solving a problem by analyzing it, designing an appropriate program, coding the design, and testing the code is known as the software development cycle

212分析问题的时候，我们通常先要确定程序生成的结果，即程序的输入。When analyzing a problem, we usually start by identifying the results we want the program to produce; that is, the programs input

213程序执行开始的模块一般称为子模块。The submodule is the generic name for the module in which program execution begins

214调用模块执行就是使程序执行转移到该模块。To call a module (or subprogram) into action means to cause execution to transfer to that module

215层次结构图是程序模块和模块间的关系的形象化表示。Hierarchical structure diagram is a pictorial representation of a programs modules and the relationships among them

216伪代码用简短的类似英语的短语来描述程序设计。Pseudocode makes use of short, English-like phrases to describe the design of a program

217首部注释给出了程序或程序模块的一般性描述。Header comment provides a general description of a program or program module

218步骤注释给出了代码段的说明。Step comment provides an explanation of a portion of code

219逻辑错误违背了程序设计语言对于语句结构的规定。Logic error is a violation of a programming language’s rules for the structure of statements

220语法错误是因为语句没有正确实现应完成的任务。Syntax error results from statements that do not properly perform their intended task

221下面哪一项不是基本的控制结构：Which of the following is not a basic control structure?a 过程结构b 循环结构c 决策结构d 顺序结构

222在编写程序代码前，应该先做设计。Before we code a program, we should design it

223自顶向下的设计将问题分解为越来越简单的小块。Top-down design decomposes the problem into smaller and simpler pieces

224当计算机运行程序时，注释的内容被忽略。The contents of comments are ignored by the computer while running a program

225程序注释是给运行程序的人看的。Step comments are intended to be read by someone using the program

226调试程序意味着更正程序的错误。To debug a program means to correct its errors

227结构化程序设计是有效地设计和编写程序的方法。Structured programming is a method for designing and coding programs effectively

228如下哪个表达式同NOT（AB）是等价的：Which of the following expressions is equivalent to NOT (A　B):

229如下哪个表达式同A8 AND A18是等价的？Which of the following expressions is equivalent to A　8 AND A　18?

230多选结构不能用下列哪种方法实现：Multiple-choice structure cannot be implemented in which of the following ways:

231术语防御性编程指的是：The term defensive programming refers to:

232令X=0，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X = 0X=0

233令X=0，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X = 02*X+1 != 1

234令First=Ann，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if First=AnnFirst==ann

235令First=Ann，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if First=AnnFirst!=Ann

236令First=Ann，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if First=AnnFirstNan

237令First=Ann，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if First=AnnFirst=Anne

238令X=1且Y=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=1 and Y=2X=X OR Y=X

239令X=1且Y=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=1 and Y=2XX AND YX

240令X=1且Y=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=1 and Y=2XY OR X0 AND Y0

241令X=1且Y=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=1 and Y=2NOT（NOT（X==0）AND NOT（Y==0））

242令X=0且Response=Yes，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=0 and Response=Yes(X==1) OR (Response==Yes)

243令X=0且Response=Yes，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=0 and Response=Yes(X==1) AND (Response==Yes)

244令X=0，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if X=0 and Response=YesNOT(X==0)

245令Num1=1且Num2=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if Num1=1 and Num2=2(Num1==1) OR (Num2==2) AND (Num1==Num2)

246令Num1=1且Num2=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if Num1=1 and Num2=2((Num1==1) OR (Num2==2)) AND (Num1==Num2)

247令Num1=1且Num2=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if Num1=1 and Num2=2NOT(Num1==1) AND NOT (Num2==2)

248令Num1=1且Num2=2，则下列表达式为真。The expression is true or false if Num1=1 and Num2=2NOT(Num1==1) OR NOT (Num2==2)

249ASCII编码模式将每一个小写字母、大写字母和其他字符与数值0到127相对应。The ASCII code corresponds to values 0 to 127 for each lowercase, uppercase, and other character

250如果Char1和Char2是字符，那么当且仅当它们的ASCII编码相等时，Char1== Char2。If Char1 and Char2 are characters, then Char1== Char2 if and only if their ASCII code is equal

251如果Name=John，那么Name John。If Name=John, then Name John

252如果Name=John，那么Name=JOHN。If Name=John, then Name=JOHN

253**?***为真还是为假。**?*** is true or false

254** ***为真还是为假。** *** is true or false

255Case语句可根据字符变量的值来选择一个候选。The Case statement can select a candidate based on the value of the character variable

256菜单驱动的程序需要用户记住一系列命令，以便选择程序提供的选项。Menu-driven programs require users to remember a series of commands in order to select the options provided by the program

257在菜单驱动的程序中，主菜单的选项通常对应不同的程序模块。In menu-driven programs, the main menu options usually correspond to different program modules

258如果Number=3，下列命题为真。If Number = 3, judge the truth of the following propositions(Number*Number)=(2*Number)

259如果Number=3，下列命题为真。If Number = 3, judge the truth of the following propositions (3*Number-2)=7

260下列命题为真。Judge the truth of the following propositionsA!=A

261下列命题为真。Judge the truth of the following propositionsE==e

262如果N1=Ann，N2=Anne，下列命题为真。If N1= Ann and N2= Anne, judge the correctness of the following propositions(N1==N2)AND(N1=Ann)

263如果N1=Ann，N2=Anne，下列命题为真。If N1= Ann and N2= Anne, judge the correctness of the following propositions(N1==N2)OR(N1=Ann)

264如果N1=Ann，N2=Anne，下列命题为真。If N1= Ann and N2= Anne, judge the correctness of the following propositions NOT(N1N2)

265前置测试循环的循环体至少会被执行一次。The pre-test loop body is executed at least once

266后置测试循环的循环体至少会被执行一次。The post-test loop body is executed at least once

267计数器控制循环不能用While语句来构成。Loops controed by counter cannot be constructed with While statements

268计数器控制循环不能用Repeat语句来构成。Loops controed by counter cannot be constructed with Repeat statements

269不能够在一个循环中既有Select Case语句，又有If语句。Select Case and If-Then statements cannot appare in the same loop

270不能将循环放到If结构中。Loops cannot be in an If-Then structure

271只能在外层循环中嵌套一个内层循环。Only one inner loop can be nested in an outer loop

272如果Number=3，下列命题为真。If Number = 3, point out the truth and false of the following statementsInt(Number * Number) = Number * Number

273如果Number=3，请指出下列表达式的真假。If Number = 3, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsInt(Number/2) == Number/2

274如果Number=35，下列命题为真。If Number = 35, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsfloor(Number * Number) == Number * Number

275如果Number=35，下列命题为真。If Number = 35, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsfloor(Number/2) == Number/2

276如果Number=16，下列命题为真。If Number = 16, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsSqrt(Number) == Floor(Sqrt(Number))

277如果Number=16，下列命题为真。If Number = 16, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsFloor(Sqrt(Number/2)) == Sqrt(Floor(Number/2))

278如果Number是整型变量，那么下面语句执行之后，Number=5。If Number is an integer variable, Number = 5 after the following statement is executedNumber = Length（）Of(Wow!)

279如果Number是整型变量，MyString=One potato，那么下列语句执行之后，Number=3：If Number is an integer variable and MyString= One potato, then Number = 3 after the following statement is executedNumber = Length（）Of(MyString)

280如果Number=7，下列命题为真。If Number = 7, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsSqrt(Number) == Int(Sqrt(Number))

281如果Number=7，下列命题为真。If Number = 7, point out the truth or false of the following expressionsSqrt(Number*Number ) == Int(Sqrt(Number*Number))

282如果一个For循环嵌套在另一个循环中，两个循环的计数器变量应该是不一样的。If a For loop is nested in another loop, the counter variables of the two loops should be different

283如果一个For循环嵌套在另一个循环中，此时两个循环的边界值必须是不一样的。If a For loop is nested in another loop, then the boundary values of the two loops must be different

284While循环不能够嵌套在For循环中。The While loop cannot be nested in the For loop

285两个不相交循环不能够嵌套在第三个循环中。Two disjoint loops cannot be nested in the third loop

286如果循环增量为负值，则For循环中计数变量的值会在每次循环时递增。If the loop increment is negative, the value of the count variable in the For loop will increase every time

287如果For循环的增量是正的，那么当初值大于终值时，循环体不会被执行。If the increment of the For loop is positive, then the loop body will not be executed when the initial value is greater than the final value

288对数据进行验证（validate），意思是指保证数据在合适的范围之内。Validate data means to ensure that the data is within the appropriate range

289使用 Floor（）函数和使用 Int（）函数的效果不一样。The effect of using Floor （） function and Int （） function is different

290计算如下表达式的值：Sqrt(4)。Calculate the value of the following expression: Sqrt (4)a　1b　2c　3d　4

291计算如下表达式的值：int(39)。Calculate the value of the following expression: int(39)a　1b　2c　3d　4

292按值传递的被调函数中形参的变化将导致主调函数中相应实参的变化。The change of the parameter value in the subroutine will result in the change of the corresponding argument in the calling module

293按引用专递的被调函数中形参的变化将导致调用函数中相应实参的变化。Changes in reference parameters in subroutines will result in changes in the corresponding arguments in the calling module

294ToUpper（）函数和ToLower（）函数可以作用于任何类型的变量。ToUpper （） and ToLower （） functions can act on any type of variable

295语句：Display ToUpper(Yes)是不允许的，因为Y已经是大写了。Statement: Display ToUpper (Yes) is not allowed because Y is capitalized

296如果数据从被调函数传递到主程序，那么可以称为数据被返回到或导出到主程序。If the data is passed from the subprogram to the main program, it can be said that the data is returned to or exported to the main program

297变量在程序中的可用范围称为该变量的作用域。The scope of a specific variable used in a program is called the scope of the variable

298全局变量的有效范围不是整个程序。The scope of global variables is not the whole program

299函数是一个子模块，它可以返回一个值。A function is a subroutine that returns a value

300内置函数是由编程语言提供的，使用它的时候不需要包含其代码。Built-in functions are provided by programming languages, and do not need to contain their code when using them

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