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120207（）produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense， often as unintelligible.

120208According to contrastive analysis， the greater the differences between L1 and L2， the more frequently the error will occur.

120209It is generally accepted that successful learners tend to use more strategies and use them more selectively and flexibly.

120210*“I losed the game.” and “There are ten sheeps.” are illustrations of（）and performance errors.

120211According to Krashen，（）and（）were two independent means or routes of second language learning.

120212（）errors occur when the learner misuses an item because it shares features with an item in the native language.

120213Mistakes often occur when learners fail to perform their competence， suggesting failure in（）.

120214It is generally believed that people learn their first language consciously and acquire their second language naturally.

120215Contrastive analysis involves describing the learners’ interlanguage， then comparing the two forms to locate mismatches.

120216The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.

120217Interlanguage is defined as an abstract system of learners’ target language system.

120218Which of the following is the term meaning repetition of sounds， syllables， or phrases where the speaker cannot “release” the words？

120219A child may get confused hearing the color of white used for paper because he originally thought it as the word only for snow.This phenomenon belongs to（）.

120220The speech contains content words and lacks function elements can be called（）.

120221The innatists argue that children can discover the rules and principles underneath the language by trial and error.

120222According to Chomsky， human beings are not biologically programmed for language and the language develops in the child with extreme attention and efforts.

120223Many studies of children’s acquisition sequences and errors in various languages have revealed that children have some（）for making sense of language information.

120224According to the interactionist view of language acquisition， language development is a result of the complex interaction between（）and（）.

120225According to the behaviorist view of language acquisition，（）and（）are preliminary or fundamental， and discrimination and generalization are crucial or key to language development.

120226Dyslexia refers to the abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling caused by a brain lesion.

120227The common denial that birds are animals among very young children is a typical example of over-extension.

120228A linguistic sign may simultaneously have（）meanings which are bound with cultural encodings or associations.

120229In cross-cultural communication，（）are key points to mutual understanding and can serve as the bridge that will help us transcend cultural barriers.

120230Successful communication occurs when the listener can（）from the speaker’s point of view.

120231As the saying goes “A man’s home is his castle”， western people place a high value on（）.

120232Denotative meaning refers to the meaning that isn’t stated but implied； the implication of a word， apart from its primary meaning.

120233The ignorance of cultural differences will not necessarily create barriers in learning the target language and in communication.

120234Language and culture are closely related to each other， and it is extremely difficult to separate the two.

120235The appearance of loan words is one typical example of cultural diffusion.

120236Acculturation means a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms， values， behavior， and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.

120237Language is heavily tinted with its culture， and culture also affects its people’s language uses.

120238In sociolinguistics， code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety.

120239Greek does not belong to Indo-European Language Family.

120240For a sociolinguist， code-switching means the switch made by a speaker or writer from one language or language variety to another.

120241Macro-studies are to look at society as a whole and consider how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations.

120242Gender varieties arise because language， as a social phenomenon， is closely related to social attitudes.

120243From different perspectives， sociolinguistics may be classified into（）.

120244Code-switching can happen in（）.

120245Ethnic dialects are mainly spoken by a less privileged population， such as the（）.

120246The social factors in sociolinguistic studies do include（）.

120247Someone who can speak many languages is called（）.

120248The change of grammar is caused by economy of memory.

120249All the former job titles with -man have been replaced by the new job titles with -person.

120250Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.

120251Which of the following words are formed by clipping？

120252The word pioneer used to refer to a foot soldier who cleared the way for any army by falling trees， but now it refers to a person who goes before， preparing the way for others， as a scientist doing exploratory work.This process of change is called（）.

120253The meaning of word accident has undergone the process of（）.

120254The following are the methods for the addition of new words EXCEPT（）.

120255Morphological and syntactic changes in English language including the following EXCEPT（）.

120256As a result of the Norman Conquest of 1066， vast quantities of（）words were added to the English vocabulary.

120257The following is the clipped words EXCEPT（）.

120258The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey（）is literally saiD.

120259Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to（）.

120260The maxim of quantity requires：（）.

120261The Cooperative Principle is proposed by（）.

120262All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their（）form.

120263Utterance is based on sentence meaning； it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.

120264A sentence is grammatical concept， and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication。

120265Conversation participants almost always observe the CP and the maxims of the CP.

120266All the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpose or the same illocutionary act， and they are the same in their strength or force.

120267According to the classic semantic triangle suggested by Ogden and Richards， the meaning of a word is the concept connecting the word with the real thing in the world.This concept is called Reference or Thought.

120268The concept of REFERENCE can be regarded as a connection between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

120269A pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denial of one member implies the assertion of the other.

120270As for gradable antonyms， the denial of one is the assertion of the other.

120271The sense relations between words can be analyzed in terms of truth conditions.

120272The predication of the sentence “Jack is happy” is said to consist of Jack， the（）， and happy， the predicate.

120273Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents：（）and（）.

120274Meaning can be studied as（）.

120275The Contextualist View of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from observable contexts.

120276The approach to semantic study that is more concerned with the relationship between linguistic expressions and the phenomena in the world to which they refer may be called（）.

120277Adverbs in English can be divided into（）.

120278In the category of CP， letter C stands for（）.

120279Among the following categories，（）are word categories.

120280（）is to syntax what phoneme to phonology and morpheme to morphology.

120281The sub-component which includes the rules governing word formation is called（）.

120282According to Chomsky， I-language refers to a set of sentences a native speaker can use.

120283In the generative tradition， language is usually understood to refer to the all the language structures that native speakers can generate.

120284In the course of its development， generative grammar gradually shifted its focus from language itself to the native speaker’s knowledge of language.

120285Many syntactic theories have developed in response to generative syntax.

120286Syntax is the study of how words and phrases are properly formed out of elements of a language.

120287A compound can be formed by placing any lexical item in front of another.

120288In American English， compounds are NOT usually written solid as soon as they have gained some permanent status.

120289Such compounds as quick-frozen， far-fetched， fresh-baked， and long-awaited are； created by “a./ad.+ v.-ed”.

120290Most prefixes can occur as independent words.

120291The italicized word in sentence（）， the italicized part DOESN'；T involve conversion.

120292The word children contains（）morphemes。

120293A（n）（）is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language， not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.

120294（）of the four words are good examples of compounding.

120295We can classify morphemes into（）.

120296The italicized word in the sentence “They are better fed， better housed， and better clothed than ever before” is a good example of（）.

120297Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.

120298The initial sound of “peak” is aspirated while the second sound of “speak” is unaspirated.They are allophones.

120299Broad Transcription is intended to symbolize all the possible speech sounds， including the minute shades.

120300The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are definitely allophones of the same phoneme.

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