智慧树知到《英语语言学》章节测试答案

智慧树知到《英语语言学》章节测试答案
第一章单元测试
1、To put it in a simple way， linguistics studies（）， meaning of linguistic units， and the use and interpretation of a sentence in different contexts.
A.properties of speech sounds
B.combination of speech sounds into a meaningful unit
C.word formation
D.sentence structure
正确答案：properties of speech sounds；combination of speech sounds into a meaningful unit；word formation；sentence structure
2、To have a scientific language study， we must pursue brevity in analyzing the data and in stating our findings， which can be summarized as the standard of（）.
A.exhaustiveness
B.consistency
C.economy
D.objectivity
正确答案：economy
3、Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
4、The reason for Frenchmen to use cheval and for English to use horse to refer to the same animal is inexplicable.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
5、Of speech and writing， modern linguistics regards writing as the primary medium of communication.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
6、According to Chomsky， competence is the actual realization of the performance in linguistic communication.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
7、Which of the following disciplines are related to applied linguistics？
A.education
B.psycholinguistics
C.physics
D.geology
正确答案：education；psycholinguistics
8、Unlike animal communication systems， human language is（）.
A.stimulus free
B.stimulus bound
C.under immediate stimulus control
D.stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest
正确答案：stimulus free
9、（）has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics.
A.Chomsky
B.de Saussure
C.Bloomfield
D.John Lyons
正确答案：de Saussure
10、By saying language is arbitrary， we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and（）.
A.word
B.morpheme
C.sound
D.phoneme
正确答案：sound
第二章单元测试
1、What kind of sounds can we make， when the vocal cords are vibrating？
A.Voiceless consonants
B.Voiced consonants
C.Glottal stop
D.Vowels
正确答案：Voiced consonants；Vowels
2、Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation？
A.[f]
B.[v]
C.[z]
D.[w]
正确答案：[w]
3、Which of the following CANNOT be considered as a minimal pair？
A.but-bus
B.but-bat
C.but-put
D.but-cut
正确答案：but-put
4、The sound /z/ can be described with “voiced，（）， alveolar”.
A.affricate
B.fricative
C.labiodental
D.palatal
正确答案：fricative
5、In English， if three consonants cluster together at the beginning of a word， the combination could be the following EXCEPT（）.
A.[spr]
B.[stj]
C.[skw]
D.[spl]
E.[sks]
正确答案：[stj]；[sks]
6、A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
7、The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are definitely allophones of the same phoneme.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
8、Broad Transcription is intended to symbolize all the possible speech sounds， including the minute shades.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
9、The initial sound of “peak” is aspirated while the second sound of “speak” is unaspirated.They are allophones.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
10、Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
第三章单元测试
1、The italicized word in the sentence “They are better fed， better housed， and better clothed than ever before” is a good example of（）.
A.compounding
B.blending
C.conversion
D.derivation
正确答案：conversion
2、We can classify morphemes into（）.
A.bound morphemes and free morphemes
B.lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes
C.derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes
D.adjective morphemes and numeral morphemes
正确答案：bound morphemes and free morphemes；lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes；derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes
3、（）of the four words are good examples of compounding.
A.hotdog
B.blueprint
C.blackboard
D.mouthful
正确答案：hotdog；blueprint；blackboard
4、A（n）（）is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language， not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
A.morpheme
B.allomorph
C.word
D.lexeme
正确答案：morpheme
5、The word children contains（）morphemes。
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
正确答案：2
6、The italicized word in sentence（）， the italicized part DOESN'；T involve conversion.
A.His smile could not very well mask his anger.
B.He walked carefully so as not to wet his shoes.
C.The teacher told the students to be quiet.
D.The book yellowed with age.
正确答案：The teacher told the students to be quiet.
7、Most prefixes can occur as independent words.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
8、Such compounds as quick-frozen， far-fetched， fresh-baked， and long-awaited are； created by “a./ad.+ v.-ed”.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
9、In American English， compounds are NOT usually written solid as soon as they have gained some permanent status.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
10、A compound can be formed by placing any lexical item in front of another.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
第四章单元测试
1、Syntax is the study of how words and phrases are properly formed out of elements of a language.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
2、Many syntactic theories have developed in response to generative syntax.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
3、In the course of its development， generative grammar gradually shifted its focus from language itself to the native speaker’s knowledge of language.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
4、In the generative tradition， language is usually understood to refer to the all the language structures that native speakers can generate.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
5、According to Chomsky， I-language refers to a set of sentences a native speaker can use.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
6、The sub-component which includes the rules governing word formation is called（）.
A.morphology
B.phonology
C.semantics
D.pragmatics
正确答案：morphology
7、（）is to syntax what phoneme to phonology and morpheme to morphology.
A.Syntactic category
B.Sentence
C.Utterance
D.Meaning
正确答案：Syntactic category
8、Among the following categories，（）are word categories.
A.VP
B.NP
C.P
D.Adj.
正确答案：P；Adj.
9、In the category of CP， letter C stands for（）.
A.capital
B.complement
C.curriculum
D.complementizer
正确答案：complementizer
10、Adverbs in English can be divided into（）.
A.manner adverbs
B.small adverbs
C.big adverbs
D.sentence-adverbs
正确答案：manner adverbs；sentence-adverbs
第五章单元测试
1、The approach to semantic study that is more concerned with the relationship between linguistic expressions and the phenomena in the world to which they refer may be called（）.
A.Logical Semantics
B.Linguistic Semantics
C.Formal Semantics
D.Cognitive Semantics
正确答案：Logical Semantics
2、The Contextualist View of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from observable contexts.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
3、Meaning can be studied as（）.
A.naming
B.concepts
C.contexts
D.behavior
正确答案：naming；concepts；contexts；behavior
4、Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents：（）and（）.
A.head
B.argument
C.predicate
D.complement
正确答案：argument；predicate
5、The predication of the sentence “Jack is happy” is said to consist of Jack， the（）， and happy， the predicate.
A.argument
B.predicate
C.predication
D.subject
正确答案：argument
6、The sense relations between words can be analyzed in terms of truth conditions.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
7、As for gradable antonyms， the denial of one is the assertion of the other.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
8、A pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denial of one member implies the assertion of the other.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
9、The concept of REFERENCE can be regarded as a connection between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
10、According to the classic semantic triangle suggested by Ogden and Richards， the meaning of a word is the concept connecting the word with the real thing in the world.This concept is called Reference or Thought.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
第六章单元测试
1、All the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpose or the same illocutionary act， and they are the same in their strength or force.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
2、Conversation participants almost always observe the CP and the maxims of the CP.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
3、A sentence is grammatical concept， and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
4、Utterance is based on sentence meaning； it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
5、All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their（）form.
A.syntactic
B.semantic
C.grammatical
D.pragmatic
正确答案：syntactic
6、The Cooperative Principle is proposed by（）.
A.John Searle
B.John Austin
C.Paul Grice
D.John Lyons
正确答案：Paul Grice
7、The maxim of quantity requires：（）.
A.Make your contribution as informative as requireD.B.Do not make contribution more informative than is requireD.C.Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
D.Do not say something that is not relevant.
正确答案：Make your contribution as informative as required.Do not make contribution more informative than is required.
8、Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to（）.
A.utterance meaning
B.speech act theory
C.conversational implicatures
D.all of the options
正确答案：conversational implicatures
9、The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey（）is literally saiD.
A.more than
B.less than
C.the same as
D.none of the ；options
正确答案：more than
第七章单元测试
1、The following is the clipped words EXCEPT（）.
A.butch
B.cam
C.fridge
D.info
正确答案：butch
2、As a result of the Norman Conquest of 1066， vast quantities of（）words were added to the English vocabulary.
A.Roman
B.Latin
C.German
D.French
正确答案：French
3、Morphological and syntactic changes in English language including the following EXCEPT（）.
A.change in agreement rule
B.analogic change
C.process of simplification
D.loss of inflections
正确答案：analogic change
4、The following are the methods for the addition of new words EXCEPT（）.
A.blending
B.clipping
C.back-formation
D.meaning shift
正确答案：meaning shift
5、The meaning of word accident has undergone the process of（）.
A.widening of meaning
B.narrowing of meaning
C.meaning elevation
D.meaning degradation
正确答案：narrowing of meaning
6、The word pioneer used to refer to a foot soldier who cleared the way for any army by falling trees， but now it refers to a person who goes before， preparing the way for others， as a scientist doing exploratory work.This process of change is called（）.
A.widening of meaning
B.narrowing of meaning
C.meaning elevation
D.meaning degradation
正确答案：meaning elevation
7、Which of the following words are formed by clipping？
A.sci-fi
B.docudrama
C.script
D.comfy
E.bookkeep
正确答案：script；comfy
8、Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
9、All the former job titles with -man have been replaced by the new job titles with -person.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
10、The change of grammar is caused by economy of memory.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
第八章单元测试
1、Someone who can speak many languages is called（）.
A.Polyglot
B.Bilingualist
C.Linguist
D.Genius
正确答案：Polyglot
2、The social factors in sociolinguistic studies do include（）.
A.Educational background
B.Occupation
C.Social hierarchy
D.Social class
正确答案：Educational background；Occupation；Social hierarchy；Social class
3、Ethnic dialects are mainly spoken by a less privileged population， such as the（）.
A.British English
B.Queen’s English
C.Black English
D.American English
正确答案：Black English
4、Code-switching can happen in（）.
A.Hongkong
B.Macao
C.Germany
D.Belgium
正确答案：Hongkong；Macao；Germany；Belgium
5、From different perspectives， sociolinguistics may be classified into（）.
A.Sociolinguistics and sociology of language
B.Macro-sociolinguistics and micro-sociolinguistics
C.Broad sociolinguistics and narrow sociolinguistics
D.Sociolinguistics and social dialects
正确答案：Sociolinguistics and sociology of language；Macro-sociolinguistics and micro-sociolinguistics；Broad sociolinguistics and narrow sociolinguistics
6、Gender varieties arise because language， as a social phenomenon， is closely related to social attitudes.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
7、Macro-studies are to look at society as a whole and consider how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
8、For a sociolinguist， code-switching means the switch made by a speaker or writer from one language or language variety to another.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
9、Greek does not belong to Indo-European Language Family.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
10、In sociolinguistics， code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
第九章单元测试
1、Language is heavily tinted with its culture， and culture also affects its people’s language uses.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
2、Acculturation means a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms， values， behavior， and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
3、The appearance of loan words is one typical example of cultural diffusion.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
4、Language and culture are closely related to each other， and it is extremely difficult to separate the two.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
5、The ignorance of cultural differences will not necessarily create barriers in learning the target language and in communication.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
6、Denotative meaning refers to the meaning that isn’t stated but implied； the implication of a word， apart from its primary meaning.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
7、As the saying goes “A man’s home is his castle”， western people place a high value on（）.
A.compliment
B.proverb
C.privacy
D.addressing
正确答案：privacy
8、Successful communication occurs when the listener can（）from the speaker’s point of view.
A.smell things
B.understand the ways of knowing the world
C.see things
D.sense the feelings to given issues
正确答案：understand the ways of knowing the world；see things；sense the feelings to given issues
9、In cross-cultural communication，（）are key points to mutual understanding and can serve as the bridge that will help us transcend cultural barriers.
A.honesty
B.nationalism
C.sensitivity
D.sincerity
正确答案：honesty；sincerity
10、A linguistic sign may simultaneously have（）meanings which are bound with cultural encodings or associations.
A.denotative
B.associative
C.ironic
D.connotative
正确答案：denotative；ironic；connotative
第十章单元测试
1、The common denial that birds are animals among very young children is a typical example of over-extension.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
2、Dyslexia refers to the abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling caused by a brain lesion.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
3、According to the behaviorist view of language acquisition，（）and（）are preliminary or fundamental， and discrimination and generalization are crucial or key to language development.
A.practice
B.imitation
C.pre-equipped UG
D.inner mechanism
正确答案：practice；imitation
4、According to the interactionist view of language acquisition， language development is a result of the complex interaction between（）and（）.
A.the human characteristics of the child
B.the reinforcement the child has received
C.the environment in which the child develops
D.the concepts the child has formed about the world
正确答案：the human characteristics of the child；the environment in which the child develops
5、Many studies of children’s acquisition sequences and errors in various languages have revealed that children have some（）for making sense of language information.
A.grammar principles
B.reinforcement principles
C.operating principles
D.reward principles
正确答案：operating principles
6、According to Chomsky， human beings are not biologically programmed for language and the language develops in the child with extreme attention and efforts.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
7、The innatists argue that children can discover the rules and principles underneath the language by trial and error.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
8、The speech contains content words and lacks function elements can be called（）.
A.caretaker talk
B.child directed speech
C.motherese
D.telegraphic speech
正确答案：telegraphic speech
9、A child may get confused hearing the color of white used for paper because he originally thought it as the word only for snow.This phenomenon belongs to（）.
A.analogy
B.over-extension
C.under-extension
D.overgeneralization
正确答案：under-extension
10、Which of the following is the term meaning repetition of sounds， syllables， or phrases where the speaker cannot “release” the words？
A.aphasia
B.autism
C.stuttering
D.dysgraphia
正确答案：stuttering
第十一章单元测试
1、Interlanguage is defined as an abstract system of learners’ target language system.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
2、The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
3、Contrastive analysis involves describing the learners’ interlanguage， then comparing the two forms to locate mismatches.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
4、It is generally believed that people learn their first language consciously and acquire their second language naturally.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
5、Mistakes often occur when learners fail to perform their competence， suggesting failure in（）.
A.competence
B.knowledge
C.attention
D.performance
正确答案：performance
6、（）errors occur when the learner misuses an item because it shares features with an item in the native language.
A.interlingual
B.intralingual
C.transfer
D.developmental
正确答案：interlingual；transfer
7、According to Krashen，（）and（）were two independent means or routes of second language learning.
A.acquisition
B.transfer
C.learning
D.input
正确答案：acquisition；learning
8、*“I losed the game.” and “There are ten sheeps.” are illustrations of（）and performance errors.
A.overgeneralization
B.cross-association
C.transfer mistakes
D.developmental mistakes
正确答案：overgeneralization
9、It is generally accepted that successful learners tend to use more strategies and use them more selectively and flexibly.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
10、According to contrastive analysis， the greater the differences between L1 and L2， the more frequently the error will occur.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
第十二章单元测试
1、（）produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense， often as unintelligible.
A.Broca’s aphasic
B.The linguistic deprivation
C.The damage on the angular gyrus
D.Wernicke’s aphasic
正确答案：Wernicke’s aphasic
2、（）is the study of language in relation to the minD.
A.Sociolinguistics
B.Psycholinguistics
C.Linguistics
D.Semantics
正确答案：Psycholinguistics
3、The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves， called（）， one on the right and one on the left.
A.hemispheres
B.cortexes
C.stems
D.cerebrums
正确答案：hemispheres
4、Which of the following parts of the brain accounts for the human distinctness in the animal world？
A.neuron
B.brain stem
C.cerebrum
D.cerebral cortex
正确答案：cerebral cortex
5、Which of the following methods are used to examine the behavior associated with the brain？
A.SAT
B.CET
C.dichotic listening
D.split brain studies
E.autopsy studies
正确答案：dichotic listening；split brain studies
6、Left hemisphere is primarily responsible for language and there are specific language areas within the left hemisphere.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
7、It has been proved that the right ear shows an advantage for the perception of linguistic signal.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
8、Most right-handed individuals have language represented in the left hemisphere and left-handers have language localization in the right hemisphere.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
9、In the priming experiment， both prime and target are stimuli.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
10、The priming task tells us that aspects of phonology are automatically activated during word reading.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：错误
第十三章单元测试
1、Which event stands for the formal establishment of cognitive linguistics as a discipline？
A.The publication of Women， Fire， and Dangerous Things
B.The first International Cognitive Linguistics Conference was held in Duisburg Germany
C.The publication of Metaphors We Live by
D.The first course about cognitive linguistics was set up
正确答案：The first International Cognitive Linguistics Conference was held in Duisburg Germany
2、In the metaphor “Our car has broken down”， the source domain is？
A.House
B.Car
C.The house collapses
D.Car collapses
正确答案：House
3、Which of the following views means that “the choice of the subject of a sentence depends on the degree of the prominence of each element in the context described by the sentence”？
A.The attentional view
B.The experiential view
C.The prominence view
D.The cognitive view
正确答案：The prominence view
4、Cognitive linguistics is born on the basis of（）.
A.Generative grammar
B.The opposing of generative grammar
C.The opposing of the mainstream linguistic conversion
D.All of the options
正确答案：The opposing of generative grammar；The opposing of the mainstream linguistic conversion
5、Both（）and（）were written by George Lakoff.
A.Women， Fire， and Dangerous Things
B.Language and its Structure
C.Metaphors We Live by
D.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar
正确答案：Women， Fire， and Dangerous Things；Metaphors We Live by
6、Aristotle’s classical category theory has had a profound impact on（）.
A.Philosophy
B.Logics
C.Humanities and social sciences
D.Prototype theory
正确答案：Philosophy；Logics；Humanities and social sciences；Prototype theory
7、The essential feature of the traditional view of the category is the binary opposition.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
8、In different cultures， the prototypes of the category “bird” may be different.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
9、Metaphors are culture-relateD.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确
10、The prototype category‘s philosophical roots are based on family similarity.。
A.正确
B.错误
正确答案：正确