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英语语言学

101The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn
102Contrastive analysis involves describing the learners’ interlanguage， then comparing the two forms to locate mismatches
103It is generally believed that people learn their first language consciously and acquire their second language naturally
104Mistakes often occur when learners fail to perform their competence， suggesting failure in（）
105（）errors occur when the learner misuses an item because it shares features with an item in the native language
106According to Krashen，（）and（）were two independent means or routes of second language learning
107*I losed the game and There are ten sheeps are illustrations of（）and performance errors
108It is generally accepted that successful learners tend to use more strategies and use them more selectively and flexibly
109According to contrastive analysis， the greater the differences between L1 and L2， the more frequently the error will occur
110（）produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense， often as unintelligible
111（）is the study of language in relation to the minD
112The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves， called（）， one on the right and one on the left
113Which of the following parts of the brain accounts for the human distinctness in the animal world？
114Which of the following methods are used to examine the behavior associated with the brain？
115Left hemisphere is primarily responsible for language and there are specific language areas within the left hemisphere
116It has been proved that the right ear shows an advantage for the perception of linguistic signal
117Most right-handed individuals have language represented in the left hemisphere and left-handers have language localization in the right hemisphere
118In the priming experiment， both prime and target are stimuli
119The priming task tells us that aspects of phonology are automatically activated during word reading
120Which event stands for the formal establishment of cognitive linguistics as a discipline？
121In the metaphor Our car has broken down， the source domain is？
122Which of the following views means that the choice of the subject of a sentence depends on the degree of the prominence of each element in the context described by the sentence？
123Cognitive linguistics is born on the basis of（）
124Both（）and（）were written by George Lakoff
125The essential feature of the traditional view of the category is the binary opposition
126Aristotle’s classical category theory has had a profound impact on（）
127In different cultures， the prototypes of the category bird may be different
128Metaphors are culture-relateD
129The prototype category‘s philosophical roots are based on family similarity
130Linguistics studies particular language， not languages in general
131Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive， but sometimes descriptive
132Language is used to record the facts， which is the informative function of language， also called ideational function in the framework of functional grammar
133Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society
134If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use， it is said to be（）
135Which of the following is not a design feature of human language？
136Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between（）and meanings
137Saussure took a（n）（）view of language， while Chomsky looks at language from a（）point of view
138According to Jakobson，（）are the functions of language？
139Which of the following belongs to the main branches of linguistics？
140What is the difference between the fields of phonetics and phonology？
141Question：Which of the following sounds is velar ？
142Which of the following sounds is not alveolar？
143Would it be useful to compare German and English when trying to establish how English was spoken in the past？
144In German， the word ；Kind；（child） has the plural form Kind-erIn the letter d is actually pronounced as [t]， but in the plural form one pronounces it as a [d]Which phonological feature is involved in this alternation？
145English and German have relatively large vowel inventoriesWhat reason does the discussion provide for this？
146How do features help us understand and explain the path of language acquisition？
147Which three of the following parameters are relevant for consonant sounds？ Please check all that apply
148Nouns， verbs and adjectives can be classified as（）
149Morphemes that represent tense， number， gender and case are called（）morpheme
150（）is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old worD
151The stem of the word disagreements is（）
152All of them are meaningful except for（）
153Fore in foretellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme
154Thewords whimper， whisperand whistleareformedinthewayofonomatopoeia
155Inmostcases，thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorrespondstothenumberofmorphemes
156Back-formationisaproductivewayofword-formation
157Inflectionisaparticularwayofword-formation
158Prase structure rules have（）properties
159Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare（）innumber
160The（）rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences
161Asentenceisconsidered（）whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers
162A（）intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause
163An（）can further be divided into two types：subordination and coordination
164What is the construction of the sentence The boy smiled？
165Theheadofthephrasebehind the dooris（）
166Thephraseontheshelfbelongsto（）construction
167ThesentenceTheywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselvesisa（）sentence
168In semantics， meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience
169（）is not one of seven types of meaning advanced by Geoffrey Leech
170（）is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components， called semantic features
171teacher and student are（）
172（）deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience
173John killed Bill（）Bill didn’t die
174It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidereD
175What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considereD
176Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle
177Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention
178The meaning of language was considered as something（）in traditional semantics
179A sentence is a（）concept， and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation
180（）is the act performed by or resulting from saying something； it is the consequence of， or the change brought about by the utterance
181When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted，（）might arise
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