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材料概论

101A photoelectronic materials can（）optoelectronic signals
102Li-ion batteries use an metallic lithium compound as the electrode material。
103A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into direct current
104Metal hydrides, with varying degrees of efficiency,　can be used as a storage medium for hydrogen, often reversibly
105Typically metals have larger thermapowers than semiconductors
106Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they can produce alternating current　continually
107Hydrogen fuel is a（）fuel which uses electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal engines
108The（）of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material
109An applied temperature difference causes charged carriers in the material, whether they are（）or（）, to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side
110A lithium-ion battery is a family of（）可充电的 battery
111光伏效应（）
112（）is the study of interaction of infrared light with matter, which can be used to identify unknown materials, examine the quality of a sample or determine the amount of components in a mixture
113（）is a rapid analytical technique primarily used for phase identification of a crystalline material and can provide information on unit cell dimension
114（）is a method of thermal analysis which measures the difference in heat flow rate between a sample and inert reference as a function of time and temperature
115Before carrying out the characterization, one vital procedure is（）
116（）is a quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state　and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material
117Mass Spectrometry（MS）is the science of displaying the spectra of the masses of the（）comprising a sample of　material
118（）involves passing visible light transmitted through or reflected from the sample, through a single or multiple lenses to allow a magnified view of a sample
119Which of the following belongs to phase analysis？（）
120XRD can be used to analysis（）
121The analysis and testing techniques can be classified into several catalogues（）
122The most common microscopies are（）microscopy and（）microscopy（）
123The typed of signals produced by a SEM include:（）
124Which of the following belongs to composition analysis？（）
125DTA measures the energy required to keep both the reference and the sample at the same temperature whereas DSC measures the deference in temperature between the sample and the reference when they are both put under the same heat
126Infrared spectrosocopy exploits the fact that molecules absorb specific frequencies that are characteristic of their structure These absorptions are resonant frequencies, ie the frequency of the absorbed radiation matched the transition energy of the b
127The same chemical composition could result in the same phase with similar properties
128The scanning electron microscopy（SEM）uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the inside of solid specimens
129In SEM, magnification is controlled by objective lens power
130Thes analysis etechniques for chemical composition could be classified as（）（光谱学）, which is study of the interaction between matters and radiated energy
131Since all groups have their（）特征振动频率, information regarding molecular structure can be gained from the spectrum
132TEMs produce（）高分辨率, two-dimensional images, allowing for a wide range of applications
133材料是人们用来制造生产、生活所需物件的固态物质。
134化学原料、工业化学品、食物和药物等一般也不算作材料。
135依据来源，材料可以分成哪几类？
136结构材料和功能材料是依据材料组成来划分的。
137Metals in general have high electrical conductivity， high thermal conductivity， and high density
138金属材料中不含非金属元素。
139铜是黑色金属。
140锌是有色金属。
141以下哪种是黑色金属？
142以下哪些是有色金属？
143哪种原料为陶瓷体提供玻璃相？
144哪种原料为陶瓷体提升白度？
145陶瓷瓶的制作一般采用注浆成型。
146干燥的方法主要排除坯体中的哪类水？
147Glass is a non-crystalline product of fusion which has been cooled to a rigid condition
148自然界不存在天然玻璃。
149二氧化硅是玻璃的什么成分？
150水泥生产用回转窑的高端是进料口，低端是燃料进口。
151下列哪个不是硅酸盐水泥的化学组成？
152下列哪些是硅酸盐水泥的矿物组成？
153高碳钢的碳含量在百分之零点六到百分之一点四之间。是一类硬度最大、强度最高、延性最差的碳钢。
154哪种元素是不锈钢不锈的原因？
155黄铜的主要合金元素是什么？
156青铜的主要合金元素是什么？
157黄铜的强度比青铜要高。
158相的状态可以是固体、液体，或者是气体。可以是一类纯物质或包含几种组成的溶液。
159相图是用以描述一个材料系统在不同温度、压力和组成下存在什么相的图形表示。
160二元匀晶合金体系的两种成分在固液两态下能完全互溶。
161共析钢的碳含量是多少？
162Substitutional solid solution是指间隙固溶体。
163Composite materials have been in existence for many centuriesThe earliest man-made composite materials were straw and mud combined to form bricks for building construction
164A composite material is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties that， when combined， produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components
165金属材料不能作为复合材料的基体材料。
166复合材料的增强相材料都是颗粒状的。
167陶瓷材料只能作为复合材料的增强相。
168作为复合材料的增强相材料形态可以是纤维、颗粒或晶须等。
169在复合材料的疲劳损伤中，作用力是多次的，结构受损是渐变的。
170疲劳强度，fatigue strength，是指材料在无限多次交变载荷作用而不会产生破坏的最大应力。
171Ductility is a measure of a materials ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture， which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test
172Ductility and malleability are not always coextensive – for instance， while gold has high ductility and malleability， lead has low ductility but high malleability
173氢能存储只能是气态形式。
174真正的生物降解高分子在有水存在的环境下，能被酶或微生物水解降解，从而使高分子主链断裂，分子量逐渐变小，以致最终成为单体或代谢成二氧化碳和水。
175人工制造的具有生物功能、生物活性或者与生物体相容的材料称为仿生物材料。
176发生在物体表面的是哪种？
177光电效应里电子的射出方向是完全定向的，都垂直于金属表面射出。
178光纤的传输原理是光的全反射。
179生物医用材料是用来对生物体进行诊断、治疗、修复或替换其病损组织、器官或增进其功能的材料。
180按材料在生理环境中的生物化学反应水平分为惰性生物医用材料、活性生物医用材料、可降解和吸收的生物医用材料。
181生物衍生材料是由经过特殊处理的天然生物组织形成的生物医用材料。也称为生物再生材料。
182人们通过哪些途径制备微纳米空心结构？
183实际应用中，XRF有效的元素测量范围为9号元素（F）到92号元素（U）。
184利用X射线荧光原理，理论上可以测量元素周期表中铍以后的每一种元素。
185人们通常把X射线照射在物质上而产生的次级X射线叫X射线荧光。
186XRF是指X射线荧光光谱分析。
187X射线束是一种光子束，所以对样品的破坏性非常大。
188XPS分析技术可以提供化合物的哪些方面信息？
189光谱分析中的XPS是指X射线光电子能谱技术。
190光谱学是一门主要涉及物理学及化学的重要交叉学科。
191金刚石宏伟石墨具有相同的化学组成，是什么？
192材料分析技术可以分为哪几类？
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