首页
›
答案
›
标签
›
材料概论
材料概论
1
Materials are defined as（）used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment
2
focus on how to translate or transform materials into a useful device or structure
3
contain a large percentage of iron such as the steels and cast irons
4
is the direct conversion of solar into electrical energy has been demonstrated
5
are non capable of being regenerated
6
Many of polymers are organic compounds that are chemically based on（）,（）, and other nonmetallic elements
7
Materials science and engineering（MSE）is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing the deeper understanding of（）-（）-synthesis -（）-（）relationship
8
Atomic level structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei
9
The term processing refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemical
10
Many of the common characteristics of material within a category araise from the lowest level of the structure, the nature of the atomic bond that hold them together
11
Structurally, most polymeric materials are crystalline, but some consist of mixture of crystalline and noncrystalline regions
12
We can consider the properties of a material in two categroies—chemical and physical
13
Polymers are（）molecules composed of many mers bonded together
14
Ceramic materials are（）materials that consist of metallic and nonmetallic elements chemically bonded together
15
Most ceramic materials have high hardness and high-temperature strength but tend to be（）
16
Metals are commonly divided into two classes:（）metal and（）metals
17
Most composite materials consist of a selected（）or reinforcing material and a compatible resin（）to obtain the specific characteristics and properties desired
18
Usually, the composites do not（）in each other, and they can be physically identified by an interface between them
19
On a（an）level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another
20
In materials, an underlying truth is: materials（）depend on the material microstructure, which in turn results from its（）and processing
21
One of the most important functions of materials（）is to establish the relationship between a material or a device’s properties and performance and the microstructure of that material, its composition, and the way the material or the device was synthesized
22
Material science is a scientific discipline that is primarily concerned with the（）of the basic knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processing of materials
23
Traditional ceramics are made of different types of（）
24
For both uniaxial pressing and isostatic pressing procedures, a（）operation is required after the pressing operation
25
Ceramics do not have a（）because they do not plastically deform
26
In amorphous solids, it is believed that the atomic structure of a glass lacks any（）which is evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis
27
One of the most important properties of molten glass is（）, which changes dramatically as the temperature changes
28
This may seem strange, but theoretically glass should be very strong because of the nature of its（）bonds
29
The main chemical composition of gypsum is（）
30
（）strength may be defined as the measured maximum resistance of a concrete or mortar specimen to axial loading
31
The strength of concrete is generally expressed in megapascals（MPa）at an age of（）-days
32
Which of the following does not belong to concrete durability（）
33
What sets ceramics apart is their set of properties common to nearly all formsThose properties are（）
34
The multistage fabrication process for advanced ceramics includes（）
35
glass has many unique characteristics Considering the structure and properties of glass, the four most significant characteristics are:（）,（）,（）, and the continuity and irreversibility of property change
36
The raw materials of the clinker of Portland cement include（）
37
The product methods of the rapid-hardening Portland cements include（）
38
The silicate structures can link by sharing the atoms in three corners of the SiO4 tetrahedrons, forming chain or ring structures
39
For advanced ceramic, what is new are the many processes developed in recent years to produce them
40
The surface tension implies the energy needed to create a unit area of the surface, and the surface energy means the force acting on a unit distance in the surface
41
Many glasses are electrolytic conductors at elevated temperatures
42
White cement is achieved by decreasing the ratio of Al2O3 to Fe2O3 in the raw materials
43
Ceramics are, by nature, generally porous materials with varying degrees of（）
44
Two common shaping techniques are utilized for forming clay-based compositions:（）and（）
45
The hot step of ceramic processing, in which the green compact is first subjected to heat to（）up any liquid phase formed during the processing and then subjected to higher heating, known as firing, sintering, or（）
46
Glasses are（）, not（）at all
47
Unlike crystals, glasses do not have well defined melting points, but exhibit a（）Tg
48
The clinker product of Portland cement need to add gypsum to（）the（）process
49
Concrete is basically a mixture of two components:（）and a（）
50
Workability of（）concrete has a direct effect on the（）and constructibility
51
Concrete used in water-retaining structures or exposed to weather or other severe exposure condition must be virtually（）or（）
52
The cause of cracks in concrete are: stress due to applied（）and stress due to temperature or（）change when concrete is restrained。
53
（）is a homogeneous part or aggregation of material that differs from another part due to difference in structure
54
The noble or precious metals are a group of（）elements that have some physical characteristics in common
55
The（）steels are hardest, strongest, and yet least ductile of the carbon steels， and wear resistant and capable of holding a sharp cutting edge
56
For most cast irons the carbon exists as（）
57
（）is also called tensile strength, which is obtained at the plastic deformation region from the stress-strain diagram
58
A vacancy, caused by an atom missing from a lattice site, is a type of（）defects
59
A wax or plastic die is appropriate for（）
60
Forming operations are those in which the shape of a metal piece is changed by（）deformation
61
The predominant alloying element of the stainless steel is（）
62
（）is an alloy of Cu-Zn
63
The most common cast iron types are（）
64
Phase diagram is the graphical representation of a material system under varying conditions of（）
65
From this diagram, a lot of information can be got such as（）
66
Based on their dimensionality, defects are classified into（）,（）and（）
67
Typical lattices of most metals are（）
68
Possible alternations in the HAZ include the following（）
69
Protection methods against the metal corrosion include（）
70
The advantages of Hot-work operation are（）
71
When stacked together, the unit cells form the whole crystal
72
Steel is an interstitial solid solution with impurity carbon atoms in iron crystal lattice
73
A ductile metal becomes harder and stronger as it is elastically deformed
74
Ferrous metal has a relatively low density and a comparatively high electrical conductivity
75
Metal processing techniques are normally preceded by refining, alloying and often heat-treating process
76
（）metals, by definition, have melting points are above 2000℃, some of them reaching as high as 3426℃
77
（）alloys, in which, iron is the principal constituent, include steels and cast irons
78
The（）steels are highly resistant to corrosion（rusting）in a variety of environments, especially the ambient atmosphere
79
The third type of point defect is impurity atom Impurities can be classified as（）间隙 impurity atom or（）置换impurity atom
80
Metal corrosion can be calssified according to the two major processes by which it occursOne is（）直接氧化corrosion，the second process is（）电化学 corrosion
81
The precipitation hardening processes include（）heat treatment and（）heat treatment
82
The matrix is the binder material that（）the fibers
83
（）are offered by metal matrices than those offered by their plastic counterparts
84
In order to improve（）at the interface, the surface of the（）must be treated
85
The majority of composite use two consistuents:（）
86
According to source, composite materials divided into:（）
87
The matrix typically has a higher density, stiffness, and strength than the fibers
88
Fibers must often be chemically treated to ensure proper adhesion to the matrix
89
The primary function of fibers or reinforcements is to carry load along the length of the fiber to provide strength and stiffness in one direction
90
It is of great important to be able to predict the properties of a composite, given the component properties and their geometric arrangement
91
Composite in which the reinforcements are continuous fibers or whiskers can be produced so that the reinforcements have either random or biased orientation
92
The physical properties of composite materials are generally not（）（independent of direction of applied force）in nature, but rather are typically（）（different depending on the direction of the applied force or load）
93
For many materials, much higher strength can be achieved in（）form than in（）form
94
In a lithium-ion battery, lithium ions move from the（）to（）electrode during discharge, and back when charging
95
In the fuel cell，the（）is a substance specifically designed so ions can pass through it, but electrons cannot
96
Nanorods and nanowires are（）nanomaterials
97
Which of the following are the advantages of lithium ion batteries（）
98
The fuel cells consist of（）
99
According the type of electrolyte they use, the fuel cells are devided into（）
100
Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at（）scales, where properties differ significantly from at large scale
‹
1
2
›