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中西文化专题
中西文化专题
1
In the 18th century, some famous French scholars such as Voltaire began to use the word in a sense closer to its complete definitionThey thought it referred to （）
2
In western languages, the word civilization appeared with the rise of （）
3
The third often-talked metaphor is that culture is like an onionThe inner nucleus level are（）, beliefs, worldview
4
Wenming(civilization)in Chinese first appeared in（）and the Book of Changes
5
According to the ideal definition given by Raymond Henry Williams, culture is（）
6
The first person who summarized the human cultural phenomenon in the sense of cultural anthropology is the British scholar（）
7
1) In 1960s, Raymond Henry Williams claimed, in an article named Cultural Analysis, that culture had three conceptsThey are:（）
8
4) The British scholar Edward Tylor clearly stated in the book Primitive Culture(1871): Culture or civilization, in its extensive ethnological sense, is a complex whole that includes （） , laws, customs, and the abilities and habits that anyone acquires
9
Cultural values are transferred across generations in the form of（）and（）that make them easier to understand
10
Some historical philosophers attach great importance to the historical inheritance of culture and understand culture as a traditional form of（）or（）
11
Which of the following are metaphors given by culture researchers about what culture is?
12
In Chinese, the phrase wenhua(culture)was first used as a verb, meaning to educate somebody with morality
13
In western literature, the word civilization appeared with the rise of urban culture
14
Our cultural values, and our system of behavior dictates our thinking and beliefs
15
Traveling is the best way to learn about other culturesFirsthand experience is most definitive way to gain knowledge and experience
16
Culture is a collective phenomenon, and cannot exist in isolation
17
Learning language is one of the best ways to get to know a culture
18
According to the metaphorCulture is like an iceburg, only a small part of it is invisible, but a large part of which is above the surface and are tangible
19
Culture is essential to make us feel a part of a group and give us the guiding principles of life
20
Culture is larned and transmitted across generations
21
The interaction and bilateral influence of the agricultural society and （） promoted the development of Chinese culture
22
（） taught people to breed silkworms
23
The humid climate, the abundant rainfall and （） provide a very good natural condition for the growth of various plants and the development of farming civilization
24
The ancient Greek trade extended to East Africa, Arabia, Central Asia and India, and began to have business contacts with more distant places such as （）
25
Before the liberation, elders in a clan could do the following but NOT （）
26
The agricultural economy formed an inward-looking culture, that is （）
27
Besides marital relations and breeding offspring, an extended family functions as the social unit of inheritance, （）
28
In Hegel’s Historical Philosophy, the main geographical factors that affect culture are summarized into（）
29
Chinese culture is located （） from the north to the south
30
The ancient Chinese emperors often （）
31
China’s topology is a stepped distribution of east highland and west lowland
32
In ancient China, the vast and endless Pacific Ocean only meant the end of the land, the natural limit for the ancient Chinese
33
Planting-based agriculture has been the main pillar of the economic life of the ancient Chinese nation
34
An kinship network included four tribes of marriage and nine generations of blood
35
The vast territory in China maintained the continuity and integrity of Chinese culture even after invasion wars
36
The land-sealed Mediterranean sea, with the shallow export channel, the small tides, the calm sea surface, is very deep, the salt content is particularly low, and the coastal currents are formed deep under the water surface
37
Some of the basic words in Oracle in ancient China that involve the national economy and peoples livelihood were closely related to agricultural activities
38
The residents of Crete and the Cycladic Islands, the birthplace of European civilization, grew barley, wheat, soybeans, peas, fruit trees and cash crops such as olives, grapes and citrus, and bronze, and painted pottery were widely used
39
In ancient Greece, most of the city-states economy was focused on business and industry
40
Solon divided the citizens into four grades and the fourth rank could not hold the public official positions, but could speak and vote at the citizen assembly, and have the right to participate in the jury
41
What concept has been widely accepted by Chinese people and applied in current Chinese political system as a basic state policy?
42
In the past dynasties, what did the government prefer to rule the country?
43
What is agreed by King John of England in 1215and laid a foundation of rule of constitution?
44
Who gave the principle of rule of law theoretical foundations in Lex, Rex,(Latin for the law is king)in 1644?
45
A key belief of（）was that humans are innately good, but this quality requires cultivation and the right environment to flourish
46
According to American cultural anthropologists Strobeck and Kluckhohn, the following value orientations could help identify one culture from another:（）
47
What are the three jewels of ones personal development in Daoism?
48
What do psychologists define as value orientation?
49
What were China’s typical diplomatic policies in history?
50
What principles are established in France in the late 1800s?
51
The combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue is advocated by Chinese government
52
Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common belief that human nature is basically good and redeemable
53
The value orientation of advocating harmony and moderation had partly resulted in the lack of competitive consciousness and adventurous spirit in Chinese nation
54
There were no disputes about the philosophy of moderation in modern China
55
Moderation is an important part of self-cultivation in Confucianism, the core idea of it is of no excess, no matter in thought or intention
56
Rule of virtue is the Chinese traditional political philosophy which is based on the perception that man is born good
57
Plato opposed letting the highest officials wield power beyond guarding and serving the laws
58
From very early time, the pursuit of profit and power has always been regarded as an illegitimate value in western world
59
The famous philosopher John Locke(1632–1704)once said, the so-calledgood is the thing that can cause or increase our happiness and reduce our pain, and the so-called evil is the thing that can produce or increase our pain or reduce our happiness
60
The younger generations in China are not as conservative and modest as their parents and grandparents
61
What is the implied meaning of the idiom Destruction pursues the great?
62
What relationship had become and still is one of the most basic and important issues in Chinese philosophy?
63
Who discussed the relation between man and nature from a philosophical point of view and proposing man-made natural legislation
64
In China, what has become a moral principle regulating patriarchal clan relations?
65
Exploration and invention in the service of commercehave exemplified Western people’s（）, rather than a passive acceptance of it
66
With regard to Chinese Dream, which of the following statements are true ?
67
Which of the following aspects embodied the concept of harmony between nature and Human?
68
played an important role in the birth of modern ecological economics
69
In President Xi’s statements, Chinese Dream is described as two centenary goals:（）
70
During the period of Greek civilization, it tend to（）
71
Confucius believed that the relationship between human and nature is equalHe stated, heaven and human are not in conflict
72
Exploration and invention in the service of commerce have exemplified Western people’s struggle against nature, rather than a passive acceptance of it
73
According to Geert Hofstede and his theory of cultural dimensions, individualism is the central dimension which indicate the features of certain cultures
74
As regards to human beings relationship to nature, there are basically four patterns of thoughts
75
In Tao Te Ching, which was written by Laozi in about 500 BC, Tao is described as the supreme principle of the universe
76
Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea tells the story of the Greek heros ten-year sea adventure
77
Scientific theory and practical technology are highly valued as a powerful weapon for understanding God and conquering nature by Western culture even during the prevalence of theology
78
The slogan of Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assetsreflected the strong will and determination of Chinese government and people in the construction of ecological civilization
79
Western culture stresses the individual view, the value of responsibility and loyalty to the group and country, emphasizes the mutual love and caring among people
80
In collectivistic culture, personal goals and interests take precedence over collective goals and interests
81
Which of the following does not belong to the three friends in winter?
82
Which is regarded as the highest form of traditional Chinese painting?
83
Which of the following painting was not composed in the period of Renaissance?
84
Fengshui is the architectural wisdom and the cultural symbol of Chinese peopleThe Eight Trigrams and the Five Elements are embodied in many Chinese buildingsWhich of the following is the symbolic representative?
85
Which of the following is not the Chinese musical instrument?
86
What are the three perfections？
87
What are the main themes of Chinese painting？
88
Which of the following have laid a good foundation for western aesthetic art?
89
What are the cultural factors that may have affected the characteristics of Chinese architecture?
90
The preference of western music genres gave rise to （）, （） and （）, which make the sound of music magnificent
91
Water, colors and lines are the most essential factors for Chinese painting
92
The western philosophers such as Epicurus, Plato and Aristotle also created the philosophy of pursuing and upholding the truth, which promoted the development of western aesthetics
93
The era of Renaissance to impressionism has witnessed the changes of western painting from drawing like a real one to it seems like that one
94
Chinese people attach importance to emotional expression in their painting as rational thinking mode, while western painters prefer intuitive thinking in their process of painting
95
Geometric aesthetic characterizes the ancient Chinese architecture, whereas the Westerners care about geomantic theory, both of which have given the architectures rich cultural connotations
96
In ancient times, wood was the chief material for Chinese buildings while most western buildings rely on stones
97
In china, buildings such as palaces, temples and folk houses are basically in a combined complex whereas the large-scale western buildings are often established according to the topography
98
Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, respectively in charge of epic poetry, history, love poetry, flute, tragedy, hymns, dance, comedy and astronomy
99
Chinese music reflected the linear thinking mode, paying attention to the main lines, while the western music tends to cross the multi-dimensional thinking mode and achieve the harmony of different music patterns
100
The origins of Chinese and western music are different, herein the attention in Chinese music is harmony and in western music is charm