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14001构件所受的外力可以是各式各样的，有时是很复杂的。材料力学根据构件的典型受力情况及截面上的内力分量可分为轴向拉伸或压缩、剪切、扭转、（）四种基本变形。

14002现代工程中常用的固体材料种类繁多，物理力学性能各异。所以，在研究受力后（构件）内部的力学响应时，除非有特别提示，一般将材料看成由连续性、均匀性、（）的介质组成

14003构件在外荷载作用下具有抵抗破坏的能力为材料的（）；具有一定的抵抗变形的能力为材料的刚度；保持其原有平衡状态的能力为材料的稳定）。

14004由外力而引起的各部分之间附加的相互作用力，称为：（）

14005截面上点的应力包括正应力及剪应力

14006应力的国际单位是牛顿。

14007材料力学中的内力就是构件内部分子之间的作用力

14008线应变和角应变均没有单位

14009截面法的步骤可以描述为：（）

14010材料力学的基本假设包括：（）

14011内力随外力增加而增加，但有一定限度，即（）

14012（）是构件抵抗变形的能力

14013How to inject emotion into their stories?

14014which of the following is useful when the speaker wants to use the method of asking questions in the beginning of the speech?

14015Which of the following statement about the functions of introduction is NOT true?

14016When giving speeches in sicence and engineering, speakers should use as many statistics as possible.

14017When using large numbers as supporting evidence, the speaker should explain the statistics so that the audience can understand.

14018Which of the following examples are mentioned in the lecture as supporting evidence?

14019Which of the following creteria should a speaker use to evaluate the quality of the supporting materials?

14020If a speaker wants to use an example to describe a kind of advanced technology used in the future, the speaker can use a(n)（）.

14021If a speaker uses the words of an expert, what type of evidence does he or she use?

14022Which type of supporting evidence does the following statement use? “There were over 1000 million cancer cases diagnosed in 2018. “

14023Internal summaries let the audience know what the speaker will take up next.

14024The speeches following a topical order usually show the problems and then present solutions.

14025The use of connectives helps listeners keep track of the speakers' ideas.

14026All the main points in a speech should receive exactly equal emphasis.

14027The same or similar pattern of wording for main points should usually be adopted in a speech.

14028The main points in a speech can overlap with each other.

14029Chronological order can be used in speeches explaining a process or demonstrating how to do something.

14030There are different types of speech connectives, including（）.

14031The strategic order of the main points in a speech is decided by（）.

14032Speeches that narrate a series of events in the sequence in which they happened are following a（）in the speech.

14033When a speaker divides a speech into subtopics, he or she is actually following a（）in the speech.

14034Usually a speech contains（）main points.

14035The same talk and material can be given in different ways to different audiences at different times according to your（）of the speech.

14036It is appropriate to give a speech to memorize one of your friends in a wedding

14037Audience size will have the greatest impact on your delivery.

14038What are the ways for us to get some information from the audience?

14039Which of the following topic can be used to conduct a persuasive speech?

14040Which of the following topic can be used to conduct an informative speech?

14041You should keep the questions（）and the questionnaire（）.

14042The physical setting of a speech includes the following EXCEPT（）.

14043We pay closest attention to messages that（）our own values, beliefs, and well-being

14044A speech cannot be successful without（）your audience

14045There are big differences among listeners with similar demographic characteristics

14046People don’t usually expend the time and effort to attend a speech unless（）.

14047Which of the following factor is NOT among the factors of demographic analysis?

14048As an effective listener, one should make efforts to eliminate（）in their work and study.

14049Effective listeners should keep an open（）.

14050Before a speech, is it helfful to think like this? People will laugh at my poor pronunication.

14051The best way to reduce speech anxiety is through effective preparation.

14052In speech communication, listening is just as important as speaking.

14053Speech anxiety is natural born and there is no way to cope with it.

14054Speech communication is the interaction of all the seven elements in speech making process.

14055Which of the following is NOT a component of active listening?

14056（）is the person who receives the communicated message.

14057（）is the person who initiates the communication.

14058（）refers to the verbal or non-verbal response to the speaker in speech communication.

14059（）refers to the context in which speech communication takes place.

14060（）refers to the means through which message is communicated.

14061（）refers to internal or external factors that affect the communication process.

14062信念是一种强大的精神力量。

14063理想信念是精神之“钙”。

14064个人理想和社会理想总是是相互矛盾的。

14065我们要认识到，前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

14066理想是人们在现实基础上对未来的设想，是一定能够实现的。

14067在信念体系中，（）。

14068文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，兵法修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》、《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大抵圣贤发愤之所为作也。这段话说明了（）。

14069社会理想与个人理想的关系表述正确的是（）

14074理想的（），不仅体现为它受时代条件的制约，而且体现为它随着时代的发展而发展。

14075“饥寒的年代里，理想是温饱；温饱的年代里，理想是文明。离乱的年代里，理想是安定；安定的年代里，理想是繁荣。”这一句诗体现了理想的（）特征。

14076我们的共同理想是

14077信念是人们在一定的认识基础上确立的对某种思想或事物坚信不疑并身体力行的态度。下列关于信念的说法中，错误的是（）

14078人精神上的“钙”是指（）

14079“现实是此岸，理想是彼岸。中间隔着湍急的河流，行动则是架在川上的桥梁。”下列对这句话的说明中，正确的是（）

14080“服务人民、奉献社会”是人类社会迄今最先进的人生追求。

14081幸福都是奋斗出来的。

14082人的生命是有限的，在有限的生命里要及时享乐。

14083人是社会的人，人生价值的实现依赖于一定的社会客观条件。人在实现人生价值的过程中，人的主观努力是毫无意义的。

14084社会利益是个人利益得以实现的前提和基础，同时它也保障着个人利益的实现。

14085人生观与世界观有密切的联系，有什么样的人生观就有什么样的世界观。

14086人生的自我价值和社会价值相互区别又密切联系，人生社会价值的实现是个体自我完善、全面发展的保障。

14087树立为人民服务的人生观，要坚决抵制由于受国内外各种错误思潮的影响，社会上还存在的（）等错误人生观的影响。

14088人生价值包含了人生的（）两个方面

14089客观、公正、准确评价社会成员人生价值大小，要做到（）

14090当代中国大学生身处国家发展的重要战略机遇期，既面临人生机遇也面临人生挑战，端正人生态度，就要（）。

14091人生观主要是通过（）和人生价值三个方面体现出来的。这三个方面相辅相成。

14092正确的人生观是（）。

14093马克思认为，人的本质不是单个人所固有的抽象物，在其现实性上，它是一切（）的总和。

14094关于人的本性的认识，主张性恶论的中国古代思想家是（）。

14095进入大学，大学生应该树立如下学习理念（）

14096新时代大学生必须具备的基本素质（）

14097做时代新人，必须（）

14098中国特色社会主义新时代是（）

14099（）为法律提供思想指引和价值基础

14100党的（）提出了“培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人”的战略要求

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