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英语语法

213Main verbs can be divided into transitive verbs, （） verbs and linking verbs in accordance with whether or not they must be followed by obligatory elements

214The function of auxiliary “（）” is to help the main verb to form the perfective or the perfective progressive aspect.

215Auxiliary “（）” is usually used to help the main verb to express negative meanings or to form questions, and sometimes to help express the emphatic affirmative.

216Auxiliaries fall into three categories: （） auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries.

217What is the tense and aspect of the following sentence?I was sitting in the classroom.

218The past perfective progressive is made up of had been + -ing participle.

219Aspect and tense belong to two separate categories, but they are often used in combination.

220（） is a kind of verb form that tells of the distinctions of time.

221（） is a verb form that indicates the state of an action or process in a certain period of time.

222English verbs have （） aspect(s).

223English verbs have （） tense(s).

224The （） is made up of have / has been + -ing participle.

225The “（）” use of the present perfective denotes that an action or state extends over a period lasting up to the present moment, possibly extending into the future as well.

226Which of the following meanings cannot be expressed in the simple present tense?

227The hypothetical past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact.

228The past perfective when used to express hypothetical meanings is called the imaginary use of the past perfective.

229The past perfective progressive and the past perfective can be used interchangeably in many cases.

230In the “finished” use, the present perfective is commonly accompanied by an adverbial expressing duration, but no such accompanying adverbial is present in the “unfinished” use.

231In the sentence He worked as a teacher all his life., the simple past indicate a past habit.

232What is the tense and aspect of the following sentence? It is the （）.He has lived in China for ten years.

233English verbs have （） aspect and perfect aspect.

234English verbs have present tense and （） tense.

235There are （） tense and aspect forms in English finite verb phrases.

236Put the verb in bracets into the simple present or the present progressive:We probably （）(spend) next weekend at home.

237Does the following sentence express the concept of future time?I will not do anything solely for money.

238Does the following sentence express the concept of future time?He is about to leave.

239Do the italicized part in the following sentences express the concept of future time?If it is snowing in the afternoon, we'll stay indoors.

240Which construction can be used in the sense of “was destined to”, that is, denoting a past destiny?

241English has developed a special verb form that might be rightly labelled future tense.

242Which of the following be going to + infinitive construction is used to express intention?

243Which of the following be about　to + infinitive construction may be used to express an unfulfilled intention?

244Which of the following be　to + infinitive construction may be used in the sense of was destined to, i.e. denoting a past destiny?

245By the end of this month, we surely （） a satisfactory solution to the problem.

246Can you know what you （） at this time next month?

247The modal auxiliary will with subjects of all three persons are commonly used to express future events.

248If an action has extended for a specified length of time before a given future moment and possibly continues at that moment, we can use the construction “will/ shall + perfective progressive infinitive”.

249The present progressive can refer to a future happening anticipated at the present.

250“Was / were about to + infinitive” is a semi-auxiliary construction expresses the immediate future in the past.

251If we want to express a colorless, pure future, we can use will + infinitive.

252Choose between will + infinitive and will be + -ing to fill in the blank.He （）(come) if you ask him.

253Choose between will + infinitive and be going to + infinitive to fill in the blank.A. What do you want all those corks for?B. I've bought a cask of wine and I （）(bottle) it myself.

254Choose between be going to and be + doing to fill in the blank.Take an umbrella; it （）(rain).

255Choose between will be + -ing and will have + -ed to fill in the blank.He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says by the end of next year he （）(plant) 2000.

256Choose between would + infinitive and be to + infinitive to fill in the blank.It was 1491. Columbus （）(discover) America in the following year.

257What construction does was closed belong to in the following sentence?The door was closed all day long.

258Which is the corresponding passive sentence of the following sentence?They fined him fifty dollars.

259Which of the following sentences contains the passive voice?

260In the sentence The meat is cooking, the passive meaning is expressed by an active verb.

261English has two voices: （） voice and passive voice.

262The match was cancelled because most of the members （） a match without a standard court.

263He （） when the bus came to a sudden stop.

264Quite a few people used to believe that disaster （） if a mirror was broken.

265We remember with pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it （）.

266Speak when you （）; come when you are called.

267The active form of English verbs is grammatically unmarked, while the passive form is grammatically marked.

268Some phrasal verbs made up of intransitive verbs are transitive and have passive forms.

269The by-phrase introducing the agent of the action is necessary in a passive sentence.

270Not all the active sentences can be made passive.

271The present progressive aspect of some verbs can express passive meaning.

272Please use the simple present tense to change the verb in the brackets into its passive voice.What is learned in the cradle （） (carry) to the grave.

273Please use the present perfect tense to change the verb in the brackets into its passive voice.Culture is to know the best that （） (say and think) in the world.

274Please change the verb in the brackets into its passive voice.Nothing （） (do) if a person only wishes.

275Please change the verb in the brackets into its passive voice.Don't count your chickens before they （） (hatch).

276Please change the verb in the brackets into its passive voice.All that is said in the kitchen should not （） (hear) in the hall.

277Which of the following sentences does not contain an implied conditional?

278Which of the following sentences does not contain an unreal conditional of mixed time?

279There are three moods in English: the indicative mood, the imperative mood and the （） mood.

280Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.I wish I （） (know) what's wrong with my car.

281Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.I require that they （） (come) by ten.

282If everything in life （） right, we （） fight.

283They should have insisted but that they （） courage.

284It's getting dark, I'd rather you （） now.

285That was not the first time he （） us. I think it's high time we （） strong actions against him.

286If there were no subjunctive mood, English （） much easier to learn.

287There are three moods in English.

288If the time of the subordinate and main clauses is not the same, these unreal conditionals are called conditionals of mixed time.

289The following sentence states a situation which is contrary to a present fact.But for her guidance, we should fail.

290The following sentence states a situation which is contrary to a past fact.But for her guidance, we should have failed.

291The following sentences contain the subjunctive mood.His silence suggested that he agreed with my idea.

292There are two types of unreal conditionals: （） conditionals and counterfactual conditionals.

293Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.Watching TV requires that one （） (stay) home, but a book can go anywhere in the reader's pocket.

294Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.If folly were grief, every house （） (weep).

295Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.It is essential that these application forms （） (send) back as early as possible.

296Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.I （） (enjoy) the party much more if there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people there.

297Few among those who go to restaurants realize the man who first open one （） a man of genius and a profound observer.

298He who does not need （） is proud of not being a liar.

299Modal auxiliary verbs, also called modals, have no indefinite form and inflection.

300Please fill in the appropriate modal in the following blank.He （） be very careless, but now he has made progress.

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