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国际贸易理论与实务

1（）,（）,（）andmanyotherreasonsareallresponsiblefortheboomininternationaltrade
2Thedifferentdistributionoftheworldsresourcescan　notdeterminethepatternsofworldtrade
3Internationaltradetransactionscanrefertotheimportationandexportationofgoodsfromonecountrytoanother
4China,hasthecomparativeadvantageintheproductionoftextileproductsandthuswillbenefititseconomybyexportingthesegoodsorexchangingthesegoodsfortheproductsofothernations
5Besides,thedifferencesintastes,preferencesandconsumptionpatternscauseanationtoimportthesameitemfromothernationsevenifithasenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds
6Wheneconomiesofscalearerealized,eventhoughtheaveragecostofeachunitisreduced,moreprofitsareabletobegeneratedfromsellingmoreunitstomoremarkets
7Ifgoodsneedtobeinspected,theexportershouldobtainthemandatoryinspectioncertificatesfromtheauthorizedinstitutionsbeforeshipping
8Nationssometimesrestrictexportsofcriticalrawmaterials,hightechnology,orequipmentwhensuchexportmightharmitsownsecurity
9Iftheimporterasksforadditionalinsurancecoverage,theexporterisexpectedtoeffectinsuranceasrequiredandtheexpenseshallbefortheexporter’saccount
10Acountryusuallyoffersprotectiontoitsdomesticindustriesbytaxingimportsofdifferentforeigngoods
11FOBisashipmentcontractterm
12UndertheFOBterm,（）ispayingforthenecessaryhandlingofgoodsuntiltheyareloadedonboardthevessel
13FOBisashipmentcontractterm,indicatingactualdelivery
14Under（）termitisespeciallyimportantforthesellertoprovideshipmentnoticetothebuyer
15TheDtermsarethearrivalcontractterms
16FOBandCFRshareonethingthat（）
17ThetermCIFshouldbefollowedby（）
18AmongalltheIncoterms（）imposestheminimumobligationandcosttothebuyer
19AmongalltheIncoterms（）imposestheminimumobligationandcosttotheseller
20AccordingtotheIncoterms2010underCIFifthegoodsgetloosefromthehookandfallintotheseaduringtheloadingstage,（）shouldholdliablefortheloss
21ThecommissionpaymentofanFOBpriceshouldbecalculatedbasedontheFOBnetprice
22Discountisadeductionontheoriginalpricegiventothebuyerasincentive
23Ifaneffectiveofferisacceptedunconditionally,acontractcanbeachieved
24Thereisaruleofthumbininternationaltradestatingthatanytransactionhavingaprofitmarginover10%isagooddeal
25IftheexportpriceisUSD100perM/TCIFHamburgless2%discount,whatistheactualrice?
26IfthenetpriceisUSD980perpiece,commissionrateis2%,thenpleasequotethepricewithcommission
27IftheexportpriceisUSD100percarton,CIFC3%London,whatisthenetprice?
28Inthequotation,US$1200perM/TCIFC3%NewYork,CIFC3%referstogivethebuyer3%discount
29SalesCostreferstothecostsofinternationalmarketingandsalesactivities,forexample,advertising,salestripexpenses,commissionsintermediaryservices
30TermsofPaymentisnotanimportantfactorinfluencingthefinancingandrisk
31Perilsofthesea,suchasvesselbeingstrandedorgroundedcoveredinaninsurancepolicyisonekindof（）
32Accordingto"OceanMarineCargoClauseofthePeoplesInsuranceCompanyofChina",thecoveragewhichcannotbeeffectedindependentlyis（）
33Themaindocumentadoptedbytheinsuredtomakeclaimsagainsttheinsureris（）
34Riskssuchas"failuretodeliveryrisk"or"rejectionrisk"fallwithinthecategoryof（）
35Accordingto"OceanMarineCargoClauseofthePeoplesInsuranceCompanyofChina",thebasiccoveragethatistheleastextensiveis（）
36Inoceanmarineinsurance,naturalcalamitiesincludeheavyweather,earthquake,tsunami,flood,collision,etc
37Specialadditionalcoveragesuchaswarrisks,strikesandsoonmustbetakenouttogetherwithFPA,WPAorAllRisks
38Totallossreferstothelossoftheentirevalueofthesubjectmattertotheinsured,normallyinvolvingthemaximumamountforwhichapolicyisliable
39ThedurationofBasicInsurancereferstotheperiodthroughoutwhichtheinsurancecompanyundertakesaninsuranceliability
40Foranyadditionalcoverage,itshouldgowithoneofthethreetypesofbasicinsurancecoverage,FPA,WPAorAR
41只要卖方所交货物的品质、重量等与合同规定相符，无论如何买方也无权提出索赔。
42离岸重量，到岸品质下，两地均须开立证书，并以两地证书作为最后依据。
43确定商品检验时间、地点时，必须考虑货物自身特性。
44凡是出口商品，必须经过商检机构检验才能出口。
45买方对货物的检验权是强制性的，是接受货物的前提条件。
46商检机构的鉴定业务是强制性的。
47商品检验条款的内容包括（）。
48国际贸易从事商品检验的机构大致有(　)。
49异议和索赔条款包括(　)。
50合同中的违约金条款应订明(　)。
51使用固定价格，在合同中明确规定之后，均按合同确定的价格结算货款，任何一方不得擅自变更原价格。
52价格条款包括计量单位、单位价格金额、计价货币和价格术语。
53佣金和折扣都是在收到全部货款之后再支付的。
54计价货币和支付货币可以采用进口国或出口国的货币，也可以采用第三国货币。
55折扣的金额不在价格条款中表示，而由一方当事人按约定另行支付的做法称为暗扣。
56如果合同中未规定作价办法，则合同无效。
57如果我对外报价包含有折扣，则折扣率越高，商品的实际价格（）。
58在确定出口成交价格时，应考虑的具体因素是（）。
59CIF价的构成要素是（）。
60合同中的单价条款包括（）。
61（）isNOTfrequentlyusedininternationaltrade
62"2000pairsofshoes"isanexampleofusing（）tospecifyquantity
63AccordingtoUCP600,"about"allowsthequantitytobe（）moreorless
64Ifthepriceiscalculatedbytheweightofthegoods,thegrossweightshouldbeusedunlessstipulatedotherwisein　thecontract
65Weightorvolumemarksaremarksindicatingthevolumeorthegrossweightornetweightofthepackagetofacilitateloading,unloadingorbookingshippingspace
66Transportpacking,alsocalledshippingpacking,outerpackingorbigpacking,isusedmainlytokeepthegoodssafeandsoundduringtransportation
67AccordingtoCISG,unlessotherwisestipulatedinthecontract,thepaymentforthemoreorlessportionofthegoodsshallbecalculatedatthecontractrate
68Theoreticalweightisapplicabletothecommoditiesofidenticalorstandardizedsizesandspecifications,suchastinplateandsteelplate
69Inthecaseofsalebydescriptionsorillustrations,clausessuchasqualityandtechnicaldatatobeinconformitywiththedescriptionsubmittedbytheselleraretobestipulatedinthecontract
70"ChinaNortheastSoybean2006NewCrop,FAQ"isanexampleofsalesbybrandname
71A(An)（）representstitletothecargo
72A"freighttobecollected"B/Lisacceptabletothebuyerwhenthecontractisbasedon（）
73Billofladingareusuallymadeoutinafullsetincludingseveraloriginalsandcopies
74Ininternationalcargotransportation,themostwidelyadoptedbillofladingis（）
75Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandcomparativelyfixedfreight
76SincestraightB/LbearshigherriskthantheopenB/L,itisrarelyusedininternationaltransportation
77AcleanB/Lisissuedbythesellertothebuyertocertifythatthegoodsdeliveredareinapparentgoodcondition
78A(An)（）B/Lreferstoonethatismadeouttoadesignatedconsignee
79Basicfreightischargedforcarriageofgoodsfromtheportofshipmenttoportofdestination
80AnOrderB/Lreferstotheonemadeouttotheorderofanamedpersoninthebill,whichmaybetransferredornegotiatedafterendorsement
81Foraconfirmedcredit,theconfirmingbankholdsthesameliabilityastheissuingbank
82Usingathirdcurrencyincollectingpaymentisthebestprotectionagainstcurrencyriskfortheseller
83SinceunderL/Cthesellergetspaymentfromapartyindependentofthebuyer,itisthesafestmodeforhim
84Undercollectionthoughthesellercollectspaymentthroughbanks,itisnotguaranteedthathewillreceivethemoneyascollectionisstillbasedoncommercialcredit
85Ininternationaltradecleancollectionismorefrequentlyusedthandocumentarycollection
86Aletterofcreditnotmentioningitisnon-transferablewillbeseenastransferable
87Ifthereisnospecificprovision,thedraftunderaletterofcreditshoulddrawonthe（）
88Acollectionmeansanarrangementwherebythesellerdrawsadraftonthebuyerandauthorizeshisbanktocollect
89Thebuyer,alsoknownasthedraweeinthecollectionpracticeHeistheonewhoowestheindicatedamountandwhoismentionedasdraweeonthebillofexchangedrawnbytheseller
90BillofExchangeisawritteninstrumentwhichcontainsanunconditionalorderwherebythedrawerdirectsthedraweetopayadefinitesumofmoneytothepayeeortohisorder
91PackingListisadocumentmadeoutbythesellerstatingthedetailedcontentofeachindividualshipment
92Abillofladingisadocumentwhichisissuedbyanoceancarriertoashipperwithwhomthecarrierhasenteredintoacontractforthecarriageofgoods
93Insurancepolicyisthecontractmadebetweentheinsurerandtheinsured,whichisissuedbytheinsurerandconfirmedbytheinsured
94CertificateofOriginisadocumentcertifyingtheoriginofthegoodsortheplace/countryofmanufacturing
95Mate’sReceiptisissuedandsignedbythemateoftheshippingvesselindicatingthatthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevesselorthegoodshavebeenreceivedbythevesselforloadingandcanbeexchangedfortheonboardBillofLading
96CustomsClearanceforExportCommodityissuedbythecustomsortheauthorizedinstitutionevidencingthecustomsclearancefortheexportcommodity,showingcustomsclearancenumber,theinformationofthegoods,thecontractnumber,andthevoyage
97BookingNote(B/N)isaformtobefilledoutbytheexporterprovidingthecarrierortheshippingagentallthenecessaryparticularsabouttheshipmenttobookshippingspace
98CertificateofInspectionisadocumentindicatingtheresultsoftheinspectionissuedbyagovernmentinstitution,surveyorsofchamberofcommerceoranindependentservicecompany
99ExportLicenseisthefirstdocumentasellerhastopreparewhenheintendstoexportcommoditiesthatareunderexportcontrolofhiscountry
100海上保险业务中的意外事故，仅局限于发生在海上的意外事故。
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