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英语语言学概论

201（）refer to those kind of antonyms which are complementary to each other That is, they divide up the whole of a semantic field completely Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denial of one also means the assertion of the other
202The lower terms for a superordinate are（）
203The upper terms in the sense relation of hyponymy is called（）
204The sense relation which holds the pair of words beef—meat is（）
205Terms like apple, banana and pear are（）of the term fruit
206（）refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word
207（）refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form
208Pupil (student) and pupil (of eye) are known as（）
209It’s everybody’s right, right? In this sentence, these two rights are（）
210Words berry and bury are（）
211The soldier decided to desert into the desert Here, these two deserts are（）
212The word bow can be used as noun and verb, so bow(as noun) and bow (as verb) are homographs
213Homonymy can be divided into three types
214The word polysemy is of（）rigin (Gk polys, much + sema, meaning)
215（）means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time
216Of the three ways to express new ideas, new processes, new products, the simplest one is to（）
217There are（）processes leading to polysemy
218In English as in any language the number of meanings is larger than the number of words
219Radiation and concatenation are processes leading to polysemy
220Semantically, concatenation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays
221Radiation is a semantic Process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning
222（）refers to the fact that the same one word may have more than one meaning A word having more than one meaning is called polysemic word
223The verb take can be analyzed in the following way according to componential analysis
224When a child uses mummy to refer to any woman, most probably his mummy means（）
225（）is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning This approach is based on the belief that meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features or properties
226What semantic relation do the following sentences have?a My daughter likes readingb I have a daughter
227X: He has been to FranceY: He has been to EuropeThe relationship of X and Y is（）
228Can I borrow your bike?（）You have a bike
229Semantics is the scientific study of meaning is a（）
230Relation between propositions by which A presupposes B, if for A to have a truth value, B must be true is called（）
231The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components
232It is hot is a no-place predication because it contains no argument
233In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence
234From a functional approach, the（）meaning of a language use refers to the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer
235Yellow has different meanings to Chinese or to western people; that is its（）
236Partial synonyms may differ in the following aspects except（）
237Sense and reference are two different aspects of semantics, the former dealing with the semantic structure of language and the latter dealing with the meaning in terms of our experience outside language
238Hyponymy refers to the relationship held between general and specific words
239Fruit is the hyponym of words like banana, apple, or orange
240In English as in any language the number of words is larger than the number of meanings
241Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features or properties
242We shall know a word by the company it keeps This statement represents（）
243If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n)（）
244A sentence is a（）concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation
245What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning（）is considered
246Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts
247The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent
248The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable
249Utterances always take the form of complete sentences
250What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered
251The husband coming into the kitchen is a reaction to the（）act of the wife’s utterance in the living room The kettIe is boiling
252（）first proposed the Speech Act Theory
253The Speech Act theory is the study of（）
254The speech Act theory is developed by（）
255When somebody says morning!, we can ask a question like What did he do? And the answer could be that he produced a sound, word or sentence The act performed in this sense is called a（）act
256（）concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, etc Whether or not these effe
257X: Shall we get something for the kids?Y: Yes But I veto C-A-N-D-Y Y’s answer violates maxim of（）
258（）is advanced by Paul Grice
259According to the conversational maxim of（）suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully
260Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further except（）
261In specifying the maxism of manner in his CP theory, Grice mentioned all the following except（）
262（）is the principle suggested by Grice about the regularity in conversation, which reads Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are
263The theory of conversational implicature is proposed by Oxford philosopher（）
264（）noticed that in daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them
265Conversational implicature is a part of（）
266When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted,（）might arise
267According to Grice,（）refers to the extra meaning not contained in the utterance, understandable to the listener only when he shares the speaker’s knowledge or he knows why and how he violates intentionally one of the four maxims of the CP
268What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether（）is considered in the study of meaning
269The husband coming into the kitchen in reaction to the wife’s utterance in the living room The kettIe is boiling is the（）act of the wife’s utterance
270X: Shall we get something for the kids?Y: Yes But I veto I-C-E C-R-E-A-MY’s answer violates maxim of（）
271Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further, except（）
272Which of the following is not a characteristic of conversational implicature?
273According to the conversational maxim of manner suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully
274It is J Austin who first put forward the idea of conversational implicature
275According to the Relevance Theory, all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, can be reduced to a single principle of relevance
276智慧树知到《英语语言学概论（江西师范大学）》章节测试答案
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