英国历史从都铎王朝至今

1Which event marks the end of the Wars of the Roses？

2Who was the best poet that synthesized the ideas and tendencies of the English Renaissance？

3In 1501, Henry and Elizabeth’s elder son Arthur, having married Catherine of Aragon, died of an unknown ailment at the age of 15, leaving their younger son Henry, Duke of York, as the heir

4His desire to provide England with a male heir also resulted in his break with the Pope(who would not allow an annulment of his first marriage with the widowed Catherine of Aragon) and the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the English Reformation

5Over 800 monasteries were dissolved, demolished for building materials, confiscated, sold off or reclaimed as Anglican Churches

6Henry had to take drastic actions, which are urging the English parliament to enact a series of acts between 1532 and 1534 breaking ties with Rome, and declaring the King Supreme Head of the Church of England

7The economically and militarily weaker England foiled the invasion or perhaps more exactly, bad luck, bad tactics and bad weather destroyed the Armada

8Yet the Tudor legacy of meagre public revenue and endemic corruption in the central bureaucracy was ultimately ameliorated by the events of the Civil War and Interregnum

9Henry VIII achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, so who were the most famous figures in his administration？

10At the end of the reign of Henry VIII, which following parts did Britain include？

11Who were the writers of the Tudor period？

12Henry Tudor, the last Lancastrian male, defeated the Plantagenet King Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August With his accession to the throne as Henry VIII, the Wars of the Roses came to an end

13Henry VIII is remembered for his six marriages in an attempt to produce a healthy son

14Edward VI was a fervent Catholic and carried out a series of reforms

15In order to guarantee a Protestant succession, Edward VI allowed Lady Jane Grey, granddaughter of Henry VIII’s sister Mary and an overt Protestant, to become the queen

16Mary I was the first queen regnant of England(a queen reigning in her own right rather than through marriage) if we exclude the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda

17In 1554, Mary married Philip, King of Spain, who as a foreigner and a Catholic was welcome in England

18Elizabeth I was one of England’s greatest monarchs and the first monarch whose name has become a synonym for the era she dominated—the Elizabethan era

19Elizabeth I managed to balance the interests of the Puritans and Catholics and resolved the religious issue by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which re-established the protestant Church of England and made her its Supreme Governor

20Henry VII was the first monarch to declare him Supreme Head of the Church of England

21Henry VIII achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers

22In the summer of 1485, Henry Tudor, the last Lancastrian male, landed in England from his exile in France and defeated the Plantagenet King Richard III in the（）on 22 August

23Henry VIII was also known as the （） by expanding naval forces and modernizing naval administration

24Mary I was a devoted Catholic and also nicknamed （） for her persecution of over 280 Protestants in a vain attempt to turn the clock back and restore Roman Catholicism in England

25Elizabeth remained the （） all through her life to consolidate the general policy of balancing the Continental powers

26The population growth in the Tudor period did not so dangerously exceed the capacity of available resources, particularly food supplies, as to precipitate a（）

27In 1600, the queen chartered the（）to share in the East Indian spice trade, which had been a monopoly of Spain and Portugal until the defeat of the Armada

28The（）and the flowering of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and drama, reached their apogee in the Elizabethan era, adding another dimension to the gold of the period

29has exerted greater influence on English literature and European drama than any other single writer and his history plays, comedies, and tragedies set a standard never again equaled

30The defeat of the（）in 1588 is popularly viewed as one of the greatest victories in English history

31was the hub of the Tudor political system and the main permanent institution of government(as opposed to the intermittent Parliament)

32In which country was James I called James VI？

33What happened after the attempt in Parliament to exclude James II from the throne？

34Which may not be the cause of the British Civil War？

35What happened after the Cromwell’s death？

36Which is NOT part of the Bill of Rights？

37Which may not be the cause of scientific development after the Civil War？

38Which is the first real colony？

39Which is the Milton’s work？

40Which happened in the reign of Charles II？

41Who were involved in the Great Rebellion？

42Who were the members of The Royal Society？

43Which documents limited royal power？

44On the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, her closest male Protestant relative, James VI, king of Scotland(1567-1625), succeeded to the throne as James I of England

45Charles II’ quarrels with Parliament and the authoritarian rule provoked the English Civil War from 1642 to 1660 He was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649

46Glorious Revolution, also called Revolution of 1688, or Bloodless Revolution, in English history, refers to the events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III, prince of

47The Bill of Rights that William III and Mary II accepted upon ascension strengthened the Sovereign’s power, and undermined Parliament’s claim to control taxation and legislation

48The English Civil War, also called the Great Rebellion or English Revolution, was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians over principally the manner of its government

49Richard Cromwell, the son of Thomas Cromwell, is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the British Isles, considered a regicidal dictator by some historians but a hero of liberty by others

50In poetry the Restoration is distinguished by the work of John Bunyan who is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Bunyan

51Edmond Halley(1656-1742) emerged from scholarly near-reclusiveness at Trinity College, Cambridge, in the 1690s, to become Master of the Royal Mint, and President of the Royal Society in 1703 His Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy(1687), set sc

52The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the（）was declared The monarchy was restored to Charles’s son, Charles II, in 1660

53Charles II, the eldest surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, was restored to the throne in 1660 on the death of（）and the collapse of the English Commonwealth after years of exile in the Continent

54The years of Charles II’s reign are known in English history as the（）

55Senior figures in the Whig Party invited James II’s Protestant son-in-law and nephew William of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands in the（）(1688-1689)

56The（）that William III and Mary II accepted limited the Sovereign’s power, and reaffirmed Parliament’s claim to control taxation and legislation

57The republic’s existence was initially declared through An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth, adopted by the（）(nicknamed this because the Army had purged the existing Parliament of all members sympathetic to the king) on 19 May 1649

58Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy(1687) written by（）set science on its modern course

59The Great Plagueof 1665-1660 decimating approximately 100,000 of the population and the（）in 1666 burning 450 acres of the capital

60Charles dissolved Parliament three times between 1625 and 1629 In 1629, he dismissed Parliament again, resolved to rule alone and started his （）

61During the early Stuart period, the size of the Puritan population continued to grow Both King James I and King Charles I saw them as a threat to the established church Persecution led to some（）leaving Britain to found new colonies in America

62George III features all of the following information EXCEPT:

63Who is regarded as Britain’s first de facto prime minister？

64William’s reign saw several reforms, EXCEPT:

65Which of the following statements is true about the Parliament in the Georgian era？

66The government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires What does this refer to？

67When did the American Revolution start？

68When did the British army surrender at Yorktown, Virginia ollunder a combined siege by the French and Continental armies under Washington？

69The Age of Johnson(1745-1790) was characterized by the literary circle which included the following writers, EXCEPT:

70What are the titles of Queen Victoria？

71Which of the following battles took place during the reign of George III？

72Who were great literary masters of the Hanoverian period？

73Attempts by the British government to raise revenue by taxing the colonies met with heated protest among many colonists, they may protest against:

74On 11 June 1727, George I died on a trip He was buried in England, and was succeeded by George II

75George III was born in Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover

76William IV was the last king of Britain’s House of Hanover

77Victorian era was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military peak within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire

78The Hanoverians ruled as constitutional monarchs directly through appointed prime ministers who gathered and managed Parliament

79Throughout the Georgian period the political rights of ordinary men and women were extremely developed

80The Georgian era was moreover a time of British expansion throughout the world The British won all the wars

81Mercantilism was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies

82The First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in May and voted to form a Continental Army with Washington as its commander in chief

83To overturn a Tory or a Whig cabinet only a few votes were necessary, and to influence such votes London was flooded with pamphlets

84Many of Britain’s American colonies were lost in the（）

85Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha had nine children who married into royal and noble families across the Continent, tying them together and earning Victoria the sobriquet of the （）

86Victoria’s reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the（） It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military peak within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire

87During the following decade, protests by colonists—known as Patriots—continued to escalate, as in the（）in 1773 during which Patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea from the Parliament-controlled-and-favored East India Company

88Victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar(1805) and the（）(1815) under Admiral Lord Nelson and the Duke of Wellington brought a sense of triumphalism and political reaction

89The Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in May andvoted to form a Continental Army with Washington as its commander in chief On July 4, the Continental Congress voted to adopt the（）

90The American colonies enabled Britain to deal with the（）(1789-1799) with more unity and better organization than would otherwise have been the case

91, who carried the arts of criticism and conversation to new heights, both typified and helped to form mid-18th-century views of life, literature, and conduct

92The expansion of empire brought fame to statesmen and explorers such as Clive of India and Captain（）, and sowed the seeds of the worldwide British Empire of the Victorian and Edwardian eras which were to follow

93The Continental Congress voted to meet again in May 1775 to consider further action, but by that time violence had already broken out On April 19, local militiamen clashed with British soldiers in（）and Concord, Massachusetts, marking the first shots fire